Abstract: Based on the method of ecological footprint model, this paper makes a comparative study on the difference of ecological carrying capacity of urban agglomerations in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River from 2008 to 2017,it is found that:(1) the overall ecological footprint of urban agglomerations in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi provinces shows an inverted U-shaped feature. Among the three provinces, Hubei Province has the highest ecological footprint, while Hunan and Jiangxi are relatively close .(2) the overall per capita ecological carrying capacity of the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and Hubei Province is increasing year by year, while the overall per capita ecological carrying capacity of Hunan Province and Jiangxi Province is decreasing slightly, the cities with the highest per capita ecological carrying capacity, the second highest in Hubei Province and the lowest in Hunan Province, the higher the level of social and economic development, the higher the proportion of biological resources projects;(3) the average ecological deficit level of each province is gradually expanding, with the highest in Hubei Province, the second in Hunan Province and the lowest in Jiangxi Province, and the cities in the first echelon are mainly distributed in Hubei Province, the cities of the fourth echelon are mainly distributed in Hunan Province and Jiangxi Province;(4) the developing trend of ecological pressure index of each province presents obvious “inverted u” type, Hubei Province is the largest, Hunan Province is the second, Jiangxi Province is the smallest;(5) the development trend of ecological pressure index of each province presents obvious “U” type characteristic, Jiangxi Province is the largest, Hunan Province is the second, Hubei Province is the smallest. In view of this, this paper from the optimization of energy consumption structure, intensive land use structure, differentiated use of land and other aspects of the relevant countermeasures and recommendations.