Abstract: With the in-depth reform of the agricultural land system, more non-collective members joined the ranks of agricultural operators. The emergence of diversified agricultural operators will have a great impact on the utilization of rural agricultural land, agricultural production and social forms in rural China. Based on the survey data of 617 rural households in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, this paper uses the three-stage DEA model to measure the overall efficiency, technical efficiency, and scale efficiency of different agricultural operators from the two aspects of output value and output. The following conclusions are obtained: from the perspective of scale efficiency, capital farms perform best in terms of output value, and family farms are better in terms of output; in terms of technical efficiency, traditional farmers are the best in terms of output values, while capital farms have the highest yields; In terms of efficiency, capital farms have the highest output value, and family farms have the highest output. The policy implication of the results is that if our policy goal is to pursue output value, it is still an effective choice for agricultural operators to expand their scale of operation, and capital farms have the highest efficiency; if we are seeking food production, then Family farms are currently the best choice.