Abstract: Improving fertilizer utilization efficiency is an important measure to promote the green transformation of agriculture and the construction of rural ecological civilization in China. Based on the provincial panel data from 2002 to 2016, this paper deeply and systematically studies the impact of different types of education on fertilizer utilization efficiency, and further discusses the impact of different types of education on fertilizer utilization efficiency of different regions and different types of crops in China. The results show that: Firstly,at the national level, both academic education and non-academic education can effectively improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, and there is no significant difference between them. Secondly,in terms of regions, academic education can significantly improve the fertilizer utilization efficiency in the eastern and western regions, but non-academic education can only improve the fertilizer utilization efficiency in the western region, but not in the eastern region,and the promotion effect of academic education and non-academic education on the fertilizer utilization efficiency in the central region is not obvious. Thirdly, Both academic education and non-academic education can effectively improve the fertilizer utilization efficiency of grain crops, but the non academic education can effectively improve the fertilizer utilization efficiency of economic crops.