Abstract: As two interactive and cooperative systems, the positive feedback and circulation of the transportation and economy are the guarantee of regional coordinated and balanced development. In this study, 77 counties (cities) in Anhui province were selected as research units. Based on the highway transportation network and socioeconomic data, the spatial pattern of highway transportation and economic development of county region as well as their coupling-coordination characteristics in Anhui Province were analyzed by using relevant models for evaluation of the transportation superiority, economic development level and coupling-coordination development. Results show that the county level transportation network density of Anhui Province is generally well, higher in the north and lower in the south. The transportation accessibility and the regional superiority show a circle distribution of “single core” and “multi-core” respectively, while the distribution of the transportation superiority transfers from the “multi-core” to the “single core” circle.The economic development level of each county and city generally shows a “pyramid type” distribution, and the amount of counties (cities) with low-level development is relatively larger. The more developed counties or cities are located in the Wanjiang City Belt and the economy of prefecture-level cities is generally developed better than that of surrounding counties and cities. The overall coordination level of the county highway transportation and economic development is somewhat low in spite of their good coupling relationship. The highway transportation in most counties (cities) is developed much better than their economies. Our results indicate that how to accelerate the economic development of county region based on their existing highway transportation support is critical to the construction of the new spatial pattern of coordinated development between highway transportation and economy.