Abstract: The logistics industry of China has undergone a rapid development since the Reform and Opening up. A-level logistics companies are leading companies in the logistics industry. The quantity and the quality of A-level logistics companies in a region is a significant factor that impacts investor’s incentives to invest and run businesses there, so local governments usually support and supervise the development of A-level logistics companies. Based on the A-level logistics company data of China from 2007 to 2017, this paper analyzes the spatial distribution and heterogeneity of A-grade logistics companies by employing the standard deviation ellipse analysis, the kernel density estimation, and global and local autocorrelation analysis. Also, the geodetector model was used to analyze the influencing factors of the spatial distribution of A-grade logistics companies and the interactions between different factors. The main results are as follows: (1) The development of A-grade logistics companies could be divided into three stages: 2005-2007 (the starting stage with slow growth), 2008-2012 (the rapid growth stage), and 2013-2017 (the mature stage with slow growth). The structure of the A-grade logistics companies showed a trend of “middle heavy, two light”, i.e., the percentage of 3A and 4A companies increased while the percentage of 1A and 5A companies decreased. (2) The spatial distribution of A-grade logistics companies shows the pattern of “South (slightly westward)-North (slightly eastward)”, spreading from the eastern coast to the inland areas. The spatial heterogeneity patterns evolved from “two-core, multi-center” to “three-core, multi-center”, and to “three-core, contiguous-development”. (3) The spatial distribution of A-grade logistics companies shows the agglomeration characteristic at the provincial-level, and the degree of agglomeration increased first and then decreased. The distribution of hot and cold spots of logistics companies did not change much during the 10 years, and the gradient characteristic of hot and cold spots was obvious and gradually enhanced. (4) The significant factors that affect the spatial distribution of A-grade logistics companies are market scale, population density, urbanization level, degree of opening up, and regional economic strength; the influence of the interactions between two factors appeared to be stronger than that of a single factor.