Abstract: The impact of agricultural technology training on farmers’ green production behavior is a major concern in terms of promoting the governance of rural ecology and the environment. Based on the analytical framework that farmers’ household endowment affect their participation in agricultural technology training and thus leading to the disparity regarding implementing green production behavior, this paper adopts an endogenous transformation regression (ESR) model which accounts for the sample selection bias to investigate the disparity regarding farmers’ implementation of green production behavior under the two situations of participation and non-participation in agricultural technology training by constructing a counterfactual scenario and using a micro-survey data of 1063 households from Hubei province. The results show that: (1) The degree of implementation of green production behavior of farmers participating in agricultural technology is significantly higher than that of farmers not participating, and the average treatment effect shows that participation in agricultural technology training can improve the expected degree of implementation of green production behavior by 40.13%. (2) The treatment effects of participating in agricultural technology training on different types of green production behavior are fertilizer reduction, water-saving irrigation, pesticide reduction, agricultural film recovery and straw comprehensive utilization, from large to small. (3) Whether or not participating in agricultural technology training, farmers’ household endowment have a significant impact on their implementation of green production behavior, but different types of endowment have different effect for those farmers who participate in the agricultural technology training or not. Furthermore, the household endowment also plays an important role in farmers’ participation in agricultural technology training. The government should actively expand the channels for agricultural technology promotion and accelerate the transformation of technology promotion mode meanwhile taking into account both “agricultural production” and “ecological and environmental protection”, and further carry out environmental-friendly agricultural technology training.