Abstract: With the acceleration of urbanization, the area of high-rise buildings and impervious pavement has been continuously expanded to meet the demand of the rapidly growing urban population, resulting in a physical separation between urban green spaces. Urban greenway, as an open linear green space in cities, not only provides social functions such as landscape and recreation, but also acts as an ecological corridor, connecting separated urban green spaces. It is an important green infrastructure for urban ecological environment protection and biodiversity conservation. Soil macrofauna, such as earthworms, beetles, and ants, which live in litter layer or soil layer, have important effects on soil ecological process. The abundance and richness of soil macrofauna community are usually regarded as a good indicator of soil quality. To assess the environmental quality of urban greenway ecosystem, the effects of greenway habitat type, width of corridor, plant configuration, and soil properties on the conservation of soil faunal diversity were implored through field investigation and lab analyses in summer and autumn. In general, the individual density, taxonomic group number, diversity indices of macrofauna in WG habitat were significantly higher than in RG habitat. The indicator organisms of macrofauna in WG habitat were Geophilus and Porcellio, which is suitable for living in relatively humid environment. The indicator organism of macrofauna in RG was Brachyponera, suitable for living in relatively hot and dry environment. The environmental factors including soil temperature (ST), soil bulk density (SBD), soil water content (SWC), available N (AN), available K (AK), tree species richness index (TR), and deciduous tree ratio (DTR) had significant effects on the distribution of macrofauna community. The function of biodiversity conservation in urban greenway ecosystem can be improved through widening green corridor along greenways, raising the ratio of deciduous tree, increasing the application of organic fertilizer, and retaining plant litter in appropriate locations. The results provided helpful suggestions for the construction of ecological and effective urban greenway ecosystems in a natural way.