Abstract: In the area along the middle reaches of Changjiang River, the biodiversity conservation stands for a very especial status with important values due to the complicated and diversiform ecoenvironment and the abundant biology resources. As one of the typical areas in the study of biodiversity, the biodiversity in the area has attracted universal attention of national and overseas scholars. This paper deals with the problem of threats and pressures on the biological diversity conservation in these areas and some kinds of ecological systems. The main threat includes the ecological environment fragmentation, exploitative manner of natural resources; pollution of water environment; inbreak of foreign species, and etc. And the main pressure includes conventional mode of economic increase, nonintensive land use; population increase and poverty, problems in the policy and administration of governments. Then, the authors put forward some countermeasures to strengthen the biodiversity conservation.

Key words: area along the middle reaches of Changjiang River, ecosystem of freshwater, biological diversity conservation, threat and pressure