The Yangtze Delta has become a new hot point of FDI in the world since the economic globalization and China becoming new WTO member, especially in the area along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province. This paper discusses the regional development under economic globalization, such as, the analysis of the development condition in the area along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province ;industrial restructure and shift by across the Yangtze River ;rebuilding of the new development pole; exploitation of the new district by changing the former district ;new strategical development areas, and integration of regional development, etc.At last,the paper points out that in order to promote the development in the area along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province,we must arrange space and time by serious planning,and conduct sustainable development.

Urbanization is an integrated social, economic and cultural development process. At present, single appraisal indicator which is frequently used to characterize the urbanization level only can partly show the urbanization development level from some aspects, but not reflect the connotation of urbanization. With the case study of thirteen municipalities in Jiangsu Province, an indicator system for evaluating urbanization level was put forward to mirror the district's distinction of Jiangsu's urbanization level more genuinely, including four aspects, such as economic, spatial, population, living mode and living quality. The result shows that the urbanization of Jiangsu Province is divided into five levels,which are ranked from high to low, Nanjing,Wuxi and Suzhou; Changzhou and Zhenjiang; Yangzhou, Nantong and Taizhou; Xuzhou,Yancheng, Lianyungang; Huai'an and Suqian. The district's distinction of urbanization level is evident with the urbanization level descending from south to north and a decline tendency of urbanization level also founded to some extent from east to west.

The paper explains briefly the definition of marginalized district, which refers to the district whose gap is increasingly widened from the core district in the area development. Taking Chizhou City, Anhui Province as an example, the paper analyses its space periphery, i.e. slow development of the district social economy and standing in the bottom of Changjiang Economic Belt; Constant fall of the major \{economic\} indexes in the provincial economic ratio; People's living standard and the level of local administration obviously lagging behind the times; Transport periphery increasing etc. The paper also explores the major mechanisms in the formation of the space marginalized district, which includes the historical factor of slow space process, space factor of the illdeveloped city system, artificial factor of frequent transfer of administrative division and economic factor of primitive industrial structure. The marginalized district has such negative effects on the area social economic development as: the vicious circle between the spaces marginalized district and the area social economic development; instability and disorderly development of space structure.

Because of the influence of the monsoon circulation, both the Yangtze culture and the Huanghe culture can be called "monsoon culture". The formation of the Eastern Asia monsoon is the key event of environmental evolution in China, and it is formed and strengthened as the change of the topography, especially, the rising of the QinghaiTibet Plateau. In the Yangtze Basin, with the formation of the Eastern Asia monsoon,the circulation situation formed by planetary winds system is replaced by monsoon circulation. As a result, it is avoided that the Subtropical High Pressure controls continually the Yangtze Basin for a whole year. So when the Nile Basin, TigrisEuphrates Basin and the Indus basin are suffering from the raid which is formed through the Subtropical High Pressure, the Yangtze Basin obtains its main source of the moisture and appears lively. This ancient culture still plays an important role in the cultures of oriental countries, even in the word.

With the rapid development of industrialization, the process of urbanization is speeded up, which makes the demand of urban landuse increased and the contradiction in landuse more serious. The paper begins with the analysis of urban and regional landuse spatial information by different kinds of remote sensing images of Wuxi City. Then the features of urban landuse growth in Wuxi City were analyzed, which include the features of temporal process and spatial pattern of urban landuse growth by geography information system. Through the integrated research of the spatialtemporal features of urban landuse growth with the regional naturalness, traffic condition and economy conditions, the phase character and spatial distribution laws of urban landuse growth in Wuxi City were studied. The result shows that urban landuse growth in Wuxi City has distinct phase character since 1978, which reflects the course of urban development and maturily. Owing to the diversity of local nature, traffic, society and economy condition and the leading of policy, spatial distribution of urban construction landuse growth in Wuxi City has distinct diversity and strong centripetalism. The central city landuse growth has distinct leading direction at different period of time. And the central city has so strong attraction and radiation force to the market towns that dominate the direction of landuse growth of the market towns scattered around a certain distance.

In the area along the middle reaches of Changjiang River, the biodiversity conservation stands for a very especial status with important values due to the complicated and diversiform ecoenvironment and the abundant biology resources. As one of the typical areas in the study of biodiversity, the biodiversity in the area has attracted universal attention of national and overseas scholars. This paper deals with the problem of threats and pressures on the biological diversity conservation in these areas and some kinds of ecological systems. The main threat includes the ecological environment fragmentation, exploitative manner of natural resources; pollution of water environment; inbreak of foreign species, and etc. And the main pressure includes conventional mode of economic increase, nonintensive land use; population increase and poverty, problems in the policy and administration of governments. Then, the authors put forward some countermeasures to strengthen the biodiversity conservation.

The middleroute project of water transfer from the south to the north is a strategy to solve the water famine in the north China, which will have a strong influence on the usage of the land resource of Hubei Province. The authors conclude that the land that will be drowned in the project is welldeveloped and productive, so the damage would be too vast. And the development of emigration, industries and the public basic constructions are all in great need of large amounts of land, so the emigrants' development will be limited by capital and ecological surroundings. The land used for compensatory projects will have a pressure on the balance of the usage of land resources in Hubei Province, and influence the ecological environment of the middlelower reaches of Hanjiang River as well as the effect of the land use there. Above all, the project will have a disfavorable effect on the usage of land resources in Hubei Province. As a result, the authors suggest that the resettlement of the emigrants should mainly depend on fardistance transfer, use near backward transfer as a supplement, to fit in with the development of the agriculture industrialization in the reservoir area, as to adopt productive immigrant policy, and the housing for emigrants and reconstructions may destroy as less farming land as possible. The exploitation of the reservoir area land should focus on increasing the production of the present farming land, exploring wild hills properly. It also needs to take capitals from the profit of the middleroute project to better protect the ecological environment of the reservoir area, and compensate the loss of agriculture, navigation and environment which result from the water transfer project. In order to protect the productivity of the farming land, the resumption of the system of irrigation and water conservancy along the line of the transfer water from Yangtze River to Hanjiang project should be designed and constructed synchronously.

Attention has been paid to hydropower exploitation in many countries of the world because of the good environmental benefits, such as renewable, low cost and no pollution. Sichuan Province enjoys advantages in hydropower resources: rich in hydropower resources endowment in China with large development potential, suitable to build dams and the runoff regulation; lower inundation loss which is less than half of the national average. The size of potential hydropower stations is flexible and there are many potential largesized stations. In order to meet the need within Sichuan Province and outside as well as to improve the economy development by exerting its hydropower resources advantages, it is supposed that the exploitation of hydropower resources in Jinsha, Yalong and Daduhe rivers should be speeded up and the improvement of power network should be strengthened. The progress of power network connection especially with EastChina and central China region should also be speeded up. At the same time, the following countermeasures are supposed to be adopted: to develop the power market of Sichuan Province and the high energyconsuming industries, strive for economical support from the power receptor regions and policy support from the state.

In the areas of international rivers in Southwest China there are complex topography, high altitude, few population, abundant water resource for per people, plentiful water flowing out of country, good water quality, low utilization ratio now and there are wide utilization foreground. With our country joining WTO our steps into international society are accelerated. It is necessary to follow international laws and conventions to develop and utilize water resource of international rivers. In this paper the nature state, our positions in all river basins, utilization，development and existed problems of the water resource of international rivers in Southwest China were first discussed. Then some problems and rules in international rivers development were described. Finally according to sustainable development principle and each river characteristics some proposes were put forward: Such as, we should sufficiently recognize that environments in the areas of international rivers in Southwest China is flimsiness and the level of society and economic development is low. It be proposed that water resource conservation should be main task in future, ship navigation and tour should be first developed, water energy should be reasonable developed, then it is necessary that we should initiatively participate international cooperation and communication, together developing water resource with relating countries to boost regional society and economic sustainable development.

Widely spread grassland, specific alpine wetland and endemic biodiversity are main natural biological resources in the source region of ChangjiangYellow Rivers. The grassland is the most important vegetation type in the region, covering 84.53% of the land surface in the region and providing livelihoods for nomadic pastoralism there as well as forage for livestock, foods, herbal medicine and fuels. It is the substantial resource for pastoral development, and also home to the sources of Yangtze, Yellow and Lancang Rivers, named as Chinese Water Tower. Rivers originated from the region provide the much needed irrigation water that feed the agricultural fields of hundreds of millions of farmers in the downstream regions. These rivers and their tributaries are the lifeblood of millions of people in their drainage areas, and supply immense services such as water supply, climate regulation, erosion control, etc, for the ecoenvironment soundness and economic development in middle and lower reaches of rivers. There are 8 000 km\+2 alpine wetland in source regions, which is the highest area of alpine wetland in the world. The vast land surface of the region has wide climatic variations caused by the unique plateau atmospheric circulation system, such unusual natural conditions give rise to a diverse natural habitats for complex species of flora and fauna. Approximately 133, 249, and 219 species of mammals, avians, and fish, and 800, 808, 80 and 400 species of grazing plants, herbal medicines, edible plants and ornamentals are endemic to the regions. The ChangjiangYellow River source region is the typical highest biodiverse region in the world. However, the grassland degeneration, alpine wetland reduction, biodiversity loss increase over all the source region due to the over exploitation and utilization. Now we have to make correct tradeoff between shortterm economic value and immense ecological services and potential value of natural biological resources in the region, and there is a critical need for natural biological resources protection in the source regions through scientific and powerful policy measures.

The paper studied the mechanism of adaptation of Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb to the change of water factor, by cultivating them in three groups of slots and manipulating their water condition to make them form three kinds of habitat types namely terrestrial, emergent, and floating types; Implementing OneWay Anova analysis and factor analysis to the following morphological parameterslength of internode, maximumcircumference of internode, branching frequency, number of adventitious roots, length of adventitious roots, leave ship index, it is revealed that the change of water factor affected all the parameters significantly. On the part of the terrestrial type, the growth of the overground parts was predominant for occupying spaces, and then of underground parts secondly; However, as for the floating type, the widenning growth of the stems and the increase of roots go up to a vital position, and the lengthening growth of them is secondary. For the emergent type , the number one growth involves double features of the former two, but the number two growth ,to a much degree, is similar to the floating type. Along the line as terrestrial typeemergent type floating type, the role of the parameter, the amount of adventitious roots, protrudes gradually. Branching frequency is always the important element to consist the first common factor, but its mean value was the smallest in floating type. Therefore, it should be a proper way to control the branching for harnessing the terrestrial and the emergent type, while to constrain the rooting for the floating type, and the relatively successive study should be based on searching for the mechanism of branching and rooting.

The study of the grain output changes is mainly based on the single scale before, and few is on the multiple time scales. So the wavelet analysis has been used to analyze the grain output in Jiangsu Province during the Last 50 years at multiple time scales. The results show :① The grain output in Jiangsu has gone through five stages. ②The grain output has 3year,13year and 25year characteristic time scales , and the time scales tend to become longer and it indicates that the changes of grain output of Jiangsu Province become slow. ③The grain output has 13year and 25year periods and the 25year period is especially outstanding from the wavelet variances analysis .④Whether at the big scale or at small scale, the grain output of Jiangsu Province will reduce in the recent years on the base of the analysis of the fig of the wavelet coefficients. We have analysed the reason and have proposed some suggestion on how to guarantee the security of grain output of Jiangsu province.

Based on the longterm practice of agriculture in China, and according to the character of agricultural resource utilization, this paper applies the research method of systematic theory, by firstly conducting a system analysis on the components and the hierarchy of agricultural resource use types and land unit. Then, according to the coupling of agricultural resource use types and land unit , this paper builds up the framework for the agricultural resource utilization pattern which includes three hierarchies, and also sets corresponding spatial scale for the hierarchies from land unit aspect and administrative region aspect which will benefit the practice of agricultural resource utilization pattern. Based on these, Taking the Plain of Hunan province and Hubei province as a case, the practical agricultural resource utilization patterns are constituted, and the application and development of the agricultural resource utilization pattern are discussed. The result will provide the practical method to realize agricultural resource utilization rationally and effectively.

The located experiment was conducted in Taoyuan Experimental Station of Agroecosystem Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The result indicated that both fertilization system and water management pattern significantly affected the transformation process and productive efficiency of the nutrient and water. The productive efficiency was 4.5 kg/kg for N fertilizer application only, 8.8 kg/kg and \{8.0 kg/kg\} for NP and NPK fertilizers combined, respectively. The yieldincrease rate was 56.5% under organic residue recycled, however it could be up to 79.8% based on organic residue combined application with NPK fertilizer. The yieldincrease rate was 62.2% with fertilizer application development and for 79.8% with inorganicorganic fertilizer combined. In other words, In the case of optimum fertilization system, the largest contribution portion of inorganic fertilizer applied was 38.4% while that of inorganicorganic fertilizer combined was 44.4%. There were obvious differences in water transformation in paddy ecosystem with different water irrigation pattern. Water needed by irrigation was about 5 838m\+3/hm\+2 and the annual variation efficient of irrigation water required was 8.3%, of which 71% by growing late rice. Water distribution in the paddy field with control irrigation (CI) showed that transpiration and evaporation counted for 1/2, plowing and preparing land for 1/6, plant constitution for 1/21, field leakage for 1/14, and other environment consumption (maintenance) for 1/5. Whereas, the proportion of plowing and preparing land and field leakage was too large under rain feed (RF). Irrigation between July and September consumed 68% of the total water required. Irrigation productive rate is 3.67 kg/m3 in rice biomass and 1.48 kg/m3 in grain output. It was concluded that for growing double rice in double rice region of red soil, the thinner water layer must kept in early rice and the periodical rational irrigation was very important for late rice.

Based on the investigation of 27 large reservoirs in Yangtze Basin, this paper dealed with the causes and characteristics of the eutrophication in these reservoirs. The results showed that the eutrophication is obviously related with the type and function of the reservoirs. The eutrophication level of laketype reservoirs is higher than that of rivetype reservoirs; the eutrophication level of the reservoirs primarily for irrigation is higher than that of reservoirs for power generation. Among the 14 rivertype reservoirs and 13 laketype reservoirs investigated, 21.4% of the rivertype reservoirs and 69.2% of the laketype reservoirs are eutrophicated; 30% of the reservoirs for power generation are eutrophicated, while \{53.8%\} of those for irrigation. Besides, it is also indicated that the level of eutrophication has high relation with the hydrological regime. Through regulating water level or hydraulic retention time, the composition of nutrients and standing crop of algae can be adjusted, At last, the authors puts forward the viewpoint that adjusting the hydrological regime is one of the effective measures to control the eutrophication in reservoirs.

Ecological footprint is suggested to offer a conceptual framework and methodology to evaluate sustainability, and is described with the area of productive areas and water ecosystems, which is necessary to produce the resources and energy consumed in a region. We can measure the sustainable situation of a region by comparing the ecological footprint with the ecological capacity.Based on the theory of ecological footprints, the authors calculated the ecological footprints of Jiangyin (a countygrade city of Jiangsu Province) from 1997 to 2001. The results showed that ecological capacity of Jiangyin was about 0.30 hm\+2·cap\+\{-1\} in recent years, while the ecological footprints increased from 1.65 hm\+2·cap\+\{-1\}to 2.04 hm\+2·cap\+\{-1\}.The ecological deficits of Jiangyin went up gradually and regional ecological pressure increased continually. The orders of the factors that brought about the ecological footprints were as followings: fossil energy> arable land > pasture land>water area>construction land> forestland. The consumption of fossil energy took up the most shares (above 50%) of the ecological footprints, showing that the highly intense development and heavy consumption of energy had brought great pressure to ecosystem. Meanwhile, the production of food also took up many shares of the footprints. During the five years, the ecological footprints of 1×10\+4 yuan GDP declined , implying that the resources efficiency had been improved in Jiangyin City.

Tongling lies in the middle reach of Yangtze River in Anhui Province of China. It is an important city where copper mine is abundant. This paper surveyed the distribution of copper mine tailings in the Tongling City. There are five main domains that covered by Copper mine tailings.The difference of vegetation coverage and the water and soil conservation capacity vary from each tailings pool.with the elongation of the depositing time,the vegetation coverage and the water and soil conservation capacity improved. The main reason why plants can not colonize in the tailings is that the acrid media and the toxicity of the heavy metals,each tailings sample contained much copper,and low percentage of N,P,K and organic matters. The newly deposited tailings have no N and organic matter at all. There are 40 plant species belong to 37genera and 9 families that naturally and artificially colonized in the tailings,and 72.5% plants species found in the tailings belong to Gramineae,Compositae,Leguminosae.The perfect adaptive ecological mechanisms determine there to be the pioneer and dominant species colonized in the copper tailings.It will take the plants a long time to develop a stable system. The revegetation in the tailings is also a long time job.

The paper presents major ecoenvironmental problems in mining areas in Tongling City. The problems can be divided into three categories: first, emission and pollution of the “three wastes” of the mine; second, damaged mining ecoenvironment of the mine; and third, geological disasters in the mining area. A comprehensive solution for these problems can be formed from the three aspects: management system, economy, and technology. For the first aspect, an ecoenvironmental protection regulation for the mining area should be well established; an environmental permit system should be set up; and some environmental protection targets as well as evaluation standards for them should be reasonably established. For the second aspect, a system for protecting property right of the ecoenvironmental properties of the mine has to be established; and a mechanism for encouraging investment from different channels should be formed to develop environmental protection industry in the area. For the third aspect, technologies of cleaning production for the mining industry, land reclamation and ecological reconstruction of the mining area, and balancing groundwater in the mining area should be developed. In addition, scientific research and international cooperation for environmental protection of the mine are also needed.

With the increase of population and development of modern industry and agriculture in the last several decades, the aging process of lakes increased by human unwarrantable activities, causing supernutrition in the waterbody and greatly changed the water quality. According to the water quality status of the lakes in Wuhan city, three obvious problems were put forward, including water pollution, water surface and lake volume decreasing, and lake ecosystem destruction. Under the condition, an integrated approach for repairing was suggested: (1) to found organizing and leading institutions, adjust rules of law and/or orders; (2) to enhance the technology level of the environmental engineering, emphasizing on the restoration engineering of lake ecology;(3) to develop water economy and form a new increasing point of economy;(4) to strengthen the water culture construction, enhancing the citizen's consciousness of environmental protection. Considering these typical urban lakes in Wuhan city as environmental restoration object to research, to form the eutrophic landscaping water repairing technology and managing system for our state urban lakes may be of great importance for reality and wide applications.

The 3S techniques are the integration of Global Positions System and Remote Sensing and Geographical Informatin System, and are efficient for the study of soil erosion. 3s techniques can quickly monitor the changing process of the soil erosion, the result can supply evidence for the government's land protection decisions. This paper introduces the standard of the soil erosion grading, then studies the method of assessing the vegetation covering ratio, slopes and land utilizing in TM image:vegetation covering ratio is extracted by TM432 and NDVI,the slopes data come from DEM, infield distribution data is obtained from land utilizing distribution map. We analyse soil erosion status and its change in the northeast of Hubei province with low hill and hill land through analyzing the vegetation covering ratio, slopes and land utilizing synthetic:in the sustain ARC/INFO software. This paper analyze the intensity and distribution of soil erosion in the Northeast of Hubei Province by 2000’s TM image, and analyze its change by comparing the data between 2000 and 1995.

According to the monitoring data in the Xiangjiang River from 1981 to 2000, selecting ten main pollutants, employing average pollution index method, the authors analyzed the water quality change in the Xiangjiang River from 1981 to 2000 and compared the water quality of different river sections in its mainstream. The results show that: (1) the overall water quality in the Xiangjiang River had become worse during the 1990s and the main pollutants which caused aggravating pollution were total coliforms, total phosphorus, petroleum and total hydrargyrum ; (2) the main pollution sources were living pollution, which increased evidently in recent years, and industry pollution, of which heavy metal pollution is evident; (3) among the mainstream of the Xiangjiang River , river sections in Zhuzhou, Xiangtan and Changsha suffered from the most serious pollution; (4) it is forecasted that living pollution and agriculture pollution will become more serious in the future. Therefore, there is still a long way to go in order to ensure the harmonious development between economy and environment. While doing more propaganda, enhancing citizens' environmental awareness, speeding the construction of urban sewage water treatment installation and developing ecological agriculture, the construction of urban ecological water sources should be placed on the agenda.