Abstract:

The bifurcation of openings had always played a key role during the historical evolution of the Jingjiang area' economic development and JingjiangDongtinghu' relationship.Based on the related chorography and historical empirical methods，this paper examines the evolved bifurcation processes of Hudukou，Tiaoxiankou，Ouchikou and Songzikou，which are still on the southern bank of Jingjiang River from Song to Qing Dynasty.This paper also clarifies some ambiguous views on the four openings.There has been various views on the time when Hudu distributary started breaching.In Late Song Dynasty，Hudu distributary was breached stably from Jingjiang.Tiaoxiankou was opened at Yuan Dynasty，and since then it was periodically opened and silted.Tiaoxian distributary was breached during Qing Dynasty untill Tiaoxian Gate was built in 1958.Ouchi distributary was breached from Jingjiang in Five Dynasties，and it had been silted up since Northen Song.Ouchi distributary was breached from Jingjiang again in 1852 when the Ouchi Bank collapsed.Songzi distributary had been breached from Jingjiang because of the collapse of Huangjiabu Bank before 1869.The results indicate that there had been a complicated evolution of bifurcation of the four openings.Therefore，it is necessary to examine the bifurcation of the openings on both bank of Jingjiang and clarify the ambiguous views.It will help us get a better understanding of the relationship between man and land，between Jingjiang River and Dongtinghu Lake，their trends as well.

Key words: the Southern Bank of Jingjiang River, four openings, evolution, from Song to Qing Dynasty