Construction of recycling and sustainable developing economy is the inevitable method to enhance the global competitiveness of the urban agglomeration.In this article,with reference to mass existing system of evaluation on urban recycling economy, the authors established a new evaluating system,which focuses on the social economy development,resource reducing，recycling and quality of environment in 18 representative indices.Under this system,after adopting the data of China Urban Statistics Yearbook(2006),applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to measure the weight of each index,the authors concluded a comprehensive index of comprehensive indices of recycling economy of urban agglomeration in the Yangtze River Delta.Then,the spatial structure of recycling economy and influential factors was deeply analyzed.The result of the research suggests that: ①The difference of recycling economic level among various cities is remarkable;②The recycling economical level appears to be a trend of gradually diminishing from the center to the periphery; ③Along with the per capita gross area product rising,the recycling economic level assumes irregular “W” mode.The significant influencing factors are the recycling economy's policy,the industrial structure,the level of economical development and the township enterprise's scale and amount.Finally,some strategic suggestions on the development of recycling economy of Urban Agglomeration in the Yangtze River Delta have been put forword.

To select an area for social and economical development,we need to address the environmental impact,and to achieve low ecological effect and high economical potential.This paper sets up the index system by combining previous study results with characteristics of studied areas,and on the basis of the cell of town,GIS method in order to analyze the spatial disparities of the natural ecological resistance and the economic attraction that have effects on the location choice of economic activities.Furthermore,the studied area was divided into different suitable types through the matrixes,the rows and lines of which are made up of natural ecological resistance class and economic attraction class,to identify city areas and port districts in the suitable development area on the basis of territory features.Finally, this study shows that most of the suitable development area in coastal areas of Yancheng includes areas along the country road of Number 204 and some towns close to the sea such as Binhaigang,Chenjiagang,and Haitong towns,and towns near to sea should be the main spatial carrier for industrialization in the future.The other areas should be the suitable space for the urbanization,and construction land distributed to those areas should have an increase in the future to accelerate the development.

Fractal dimension is an effective parameter describing the structure of the urban system.The paper chose 36 cities in Hongsanjiao made of Ganzhou,Chenzhou and Shaoguan as samples to analyze size fractal dimension,correlation fractal dimension and random aggregation fractal dimension of the structure of urban system.Through analyzing fractal dimensions and individual fractal dimension coordinate,the paper draws the conclusions below:①The quantities of middle size city are more than bigger and smaller one,and the regional population distribution is a relative equilibrium;②The spatial structure of urban system shows axis characteristic and perfect relatively network of transportation,but the degree of spatial association between the cities is inadequately compact,and the intensity of the interaction of the cities is medium;③The cities gather around their central city in spatial arrangement.According to the conclusions mentioned above,some proposals are put forward for the optimization of urban system such as developing actively subcentral cities,strengthening the construction of regional spatial structure axis,appropriately adjusting the administrative division and accelerating the construction of transportation infrastructure.

he spatial distribution of urban population is both led by selforganizing distribution factors such as employment,living quality and commuting distance,and restricted by the rules,regulations and policies made by the government.Therefore,except to expound the selforganizing mechanism and influencing factor with respect to population distribution,it is necessary to study the comprehensive influences on economy,society,resources and environment by population distribution,and furthermore to put forth a optimized pattern of population distribution.Based on the summarization of the theories about population distribution,this paper explored the mechanism and model of urban spatial population distribution.Some principles of appropriate population distribution were put forward as well,such as ecological restriction,industry extrusion,life agglomeration,benefit integration and actuality concern,which had applied to building an optimization model of population distribution by random and objective function algorithm.Then taking Wuxi city as an example,based on collecting abundant data of population,economy,resources and environment,the spatial suitability assignment of urban ecological conservation,production benefit and life value was worked out.And at last by operating the optimization model,the comparison and selection of the optimization distribution schemes offered a basis for the adjustment of Wuxi population distribution.

Understanding the dynamic regular patterns of development of industry water use systems for different regions and the correlated relationships among them is the key step to realize watersaving society construction and sustainable utilization of water resource.Currently, the twosection linear models were usually employed to analyze the coordination of regional industry water use systems. However,it may not fit for describing the nonlinear structure of the regional industry water use systems. Hence,a grey synergistic model,which is well adaptive to nonlinear characteristic of the industry water use system,was established based on the theory of grey.The model was applied to the industry water use system in Shanghai from 1997 to 2005.The results showed that coordination degree of industry water use system of shanghai is basically favorable.But there still exists some space for promotion of water use system in Shanghai area, especially for the agriculture subsystem to which more attention should be paid to when planning the industry water use in the future. 〖

The article reports the water quality of 19 rivers along the water conveyance system of the Middle Route of the South to North Water Transfer Project during the period from 2006 to 2007.The synthesis pollution index revealed that the Zhao River and the Jialu River in Henan,the Mengliang River in Hebei and the Liuli River in Beijing were moderately polluted.The Wei River in Henan,the Xiao River in Hebei and the Beiyun River in Tianjin were seriously polluted.The Duliujian River in Tianjin was the most seriously polluted river among the 19 rivers.The main pollutants and their resources of those eight polluted rivers were analyzed.By computing the pollutionsharing rate the main pollutants and their sources in each river were identified.This research provided scientific information for water resource management in North China for the interbasin water transfer project.

Aim at the hydrology conditions under present situation and different schemes of the middle route of China’s southtonorth water transfer project,the effect of the project on water quantity and water quality status in lower reaches of Hanjiang River in low water period is researched from two aspects that are available water resources quantity and water environmental capacity.The assessment method and standard of water security,which are used to evaluate the changes of water security degree before and after transferring water, are put forward.The conclusions are that the effect of water transfer on water quantity security is bigger than that on water quality security after the implement of each scheme;December,January and February in each year are the months when there are more effect of water transfer on water security in low water period;the degree of water security in each month of low water period under present situation is above comparative safety level,and the degree of water security will descend after the implement of water transfer schemes,in which the effect of the scheme Ⅱ is the biggest,but water security degree of the scheme Ⅲ is higher than that of other schemes because of the building of water diversion project from the Yangtze River to Hanjiang River.

In order to find a proper reanalysis dataset which can best capture the precipitation characteristics of China,the multiyear and yearly annual,seasonal and monthly mean anomaly correlation coefficients and the root mean square errors of four reanalysis precipitation datasets (PREC/L,CMAP,GPCP and NCEP2) and the raingauge records were compared from January 1979 to December 2003 based on the area of the middlelower reaches of the Yangtze River (26°N~34°N，105°E~122°E).All the four reanalysis datasets and observation are monthly data.The data of observation,CMAP,GPCP and NCEP2 were interpolated to the same resolution as PREC/L with resolution 05×05 (longitude×latitude) and the comparison of the precipitation characteristics of annual,seasonal and monthly variations was based on the interpolated data.Results indicated that all of the four reanalysis datasets can capture the spatialtemporal characteristics of precipitation over this region quite well,in which the PREC/L data were the best datasets to consist with the observational data.The anomaly correlation coefficients (the root mean square errors) between four reanalysis precipitation datasets and the raingauge records were descending (increasing) gradually from PREC/L,CMAP,GPCP to NCEP2.Finally,the spatial and temporal characteristics of precipitation in the middlelower reaches of the Yangtze River were analyzed by the methods of correlation,Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) and spectrum analysis using PREC/L and observational data.The correlation coefficients of precipitation,the modes and principal components of first two EOF eigenvectors between PREC/L and the observational were above 096.Spatial pattern of the first two EOF modes exposed that the summer precipitation in the southeastern China was out of phase with that in the northwestern China,and that in the southern China was out of phase with that in the northern China.Spectrum analysis indicated two significant periods with 23 and 31 years existed in the variation of the summer precipitation.The temporal variations of the first two EOF eigenvectors of the summer precipitation had the significant periods of 23 and 28 years,all of these significant periods are above 95% confidence level of red noise test.

As point source pollution has been effectively controlled,nonpoint source pollution,especially which of agriculture,will become the main factor affecting the surface water quality.This paper investigated the relationship between the land use structure and the surface water quality of Minjiang River Basin by using remote sensing and geographical information system to retrieve the land use type and on the bases of analyzing the monitoring of surface water quality in the basin.The results of this study indicate that a) In the watersheds which are controlled mainly by a single land use type,the surface water quality of woodland and grasslandcontrolled watersheds is distinctly better than that of watersheds controlled by farmland;b) In the combined structure of different land use types i.e.woodland,grassland and farmland,the concentration of pollutants is in the middle of the watersheds which are controlled primarily by woodland or grassland and those controlled by farmland;c) When other conditions are similar,the concentration of nonpoint source pollution decreases according to the increase of the area of woodland and grassland,while increases with the increase of the area of farmland in the watersheds;d) Effects of land use structure on nonpoint source pollution are also reflected on the spatial distribution of the pollutants besides amount structure.〖

Exceptional low flow happened over the Yangtze River in 2006 and had some significant influences on water usage and environment.By using the runoff data of main hydrological station and weather data，as well as taking the influence of TGP water storage into account，the runoff characteristics and its cause were studied.It is found that the decrease in discharge this year is mainly due to the significant loss of water in flood season and the discharge is characterized by exceptional low during that time.The maximum reduction of runoff and water level of hydrological stations occur during August and September.Maximum runoff reduction is all beyond 50% and the water level has significant drop at the same time.Compared with that in the same time of history，the waterincome from Dongting Lake and Hanjiang River is significantly less while the water from Poyang Lake is plentiful which to some extent lightens the severe low discharge in the main stream.The extreme low precipitation and high temperature over upper reaches (especially the area between Pingshan and Yichang) is the main cause of the exceptional low discharge.There is a good relationship between variation of weather and runoff.Water storage of Three Gorges Project decreases the October discharge of Yichang hydrological station by 50% and the influential index to the discharge decrease of Datong hydrological station from October to November is 187%.

Since the reform and opening up,the urbanization of China,particularly in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River (Yangtze River Delta and the surrounding area),has been in a rapid development period.The increasingly concentration of population and industry,more intense investment in major infrastructure projects and increased density of the road network as well as increasingly expanded zone have made urban space speed expansion and have caused serious imbalance in the use of water and land resources and environmental deterioration.All these problems,working together,produced many new problems in the development in this region.This paper took the lower reaches of the Yangtze River as an example to make an indepth analysis to the problems of water and land resources incurred in the process of urbanization.The problems cover the environmental degradation,water pollution,loss of land resources and the rapid pace of urbanization.Moreover,it brought in new ways of thinking and new methods about how to rationally exploit and protect the soil and water in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River area.Specifically,it brought forward four practical ways and methods to resolve the existing problems in the Yangtze River Delta area,which contributes a lot to the region's economic development and ecological security.Lastly,the paper also made a comprehensive analysis to other related problems.

ased on representative samples,a comparative study was carried out for seven typical comprehensive water quality assessment methods including single factor assessment method,pollution index method,fuzzy method,grey system method,analytic hierarchy process method,artificial neural network method,water quality identification index method.The study conclusions are:(1) The single factor assessment method selects the worst water quality class of water quality indices to be the comprehensive water quality class,and gives a overemphasizing result.(2) The pollution index method can qualitatively judge whether the comprehensive water quality meets the specified water function objective,but it can’t judge comprehensive water quality class.(3) The other five methods including fuzzy method,grey system method,analytic hierarchy process method,artificial neural network method and water quality identification index method present the nearly identical comprehensive water quality assessment results for the samples of comprehensive water quality class Ⅰ~Ⅴ,which prove the rationality of five methods for comprehensive water quality classⅠ~Ⅴ.(4) For the comprehensive water quality of inferior class Ⅴ,the fuzzy method,grey system method,analytic hierarchy process method,artificial neural network method underestimate the comprehensive water quality,by comparison,the water quality identification index method can give a scientific conclusion due to the consecutive depiction of water quality inferior class Ⅴ.Further,a qualitative and quantitative assessment of class Ⅰ~Ⅴ,inferior class Ⅴ while no blackness and stink,inferior class Ⅴ while blackness and stink,is scientifically and completely achieved based on water quality identification index method. 

At current the shortages and inefficient use of water resource are serious problems in China.In order to solve these problems,the best approach is to build water right market.The tradable water right institution has been realized as an effective way to solve the water problems and to allocate reasonably water resources in the world.This paper introduced the basin initial allocation of water right from the latest research,including distribution principle,indicator system,distribution methods and distribution mechanism,and so on.The studies had the detailed and comprehensive description on distribution principle,general and specific principles of initial water right distribution.Different studies had different comments on the fairness and efficiency.Also principles hadn't been quantified.It couldn't get success only by distribution water quantity,because the water resources distribution involve water quantity,water quality and other factors.Available knowledge had not regard to several target models and the configuration of the multiobjective coupling methods.This paper discussed the future research direction of the basin initial allocation of water right,and on the basis of the water right,waste water discharge right and woods right,it took into account of the initial water right allocation principles,indicator system and distribution mechanism.In selecting indicators of the basin initial water right allocation fairness and efficiency should be considered.The distribution mechanism is quasimarket,including synergy mechanism,democratic consultation mechanism and cooperation game mechanisms.The development trend of water resource allocation model was integrated,and river basin water resource optimal allocation models of multiobjective,multiuser,and multilayer with group decisions should be developed to serve decision makers for rational allocation and scientific management of river basin water resources.

The Huaibei Plain is in north of Anhui Province,there are 6 cities and 23 counties,and the area is 39 400 km2.By using GIS technique and the background data of 1∶50 000 landuse spatial database of 1993year phase,this paper drew automatically the rural housing land of 2003year phase by adopting regional clustering with TM image based on principle component analysis and morphology in Huaibei Plain.As a result of integrating the principle component analysis with morphological analysis and choosing some kinds of morphological filters and operation，we obtained a better result of automatic distinguishing.The precision of this method was above 90%.The trends degree and the relative rate of rural housing land change were calculated and analyzed.The result showed that: (1) the area of rural housing land increased 33 17995 hm2 from 1993 to 2003 ;(2) the average value of the trend degree was 083% every year;(3)the speed of the rural housing land expansion became higher;(4) the expansion extent of rural housing land had apparent regional difference.〖

To investigate the change of nutrient content in red paddy soil,the characteristics of rice growth and the relationship between soil nutrient and rice growth,the effects of longterm organic matter circling on soil nutrient and rice growth were studied in a longterm experimental field.The results showed that after longterm organic matter circling,the content of organic matter in paddy soil obviously increased,and the nutrient content was maintained at higher level compared with no organic matter circling treatments.The average content of soil organic matter (SOM),total N,P and K of organic matter circling treatments were 445％,346％,175％and 94％ higher than that of no organic matter circling treatments respectively.The average content of available N,P and K were 469％,452％ and 347％ higher respectively.The number under tillers and leaf area index increased and the canopy light transmission rate decreased with longterm organic matter circling.The net leaf photosynthetic rate and transpiration of rice under organic matter circling treatments also increased 68% and 50% respectively compared to no organic matter circling treatments.And the dry matter accumulation of overground parts and yield of rice of organic matter circling treatments also increased because of the improvement of canopy ecophysiological properties of rice.By using the method of stepwise regression analysis,the content of soil nutrient and the characteristics of rice growth were studied.It is indicated that the increase of available P and the SOM in red paddy soil were the main factors improving the growth of rice after longterm organic matter circling.

The management of cultivated land transfer may play an important role in balancing agricultural modernization with household contract responsibility system.Market construction of cultivated land transfer is the leading development trend,with price being the main element.So understanding the present situation of cultivated land transfer compensation may provide much help for building cultivated land transfer market.In this paper,based on the survey “The Current Situation of Cultivated Land Transfer and the Peasant Household's Consciousness about Cultivated Land Transfer” in 74 villages of 42 counties in Jiangxi Province,the method of backward stepwise regression was employed to analyze influential factors,including cultivated land transfer compensation from the position condition,the resources endowments and the economic level.The position condition level includes the distance to town,the distance to main road of transportation,the landform;the resources include the proportion of labor force in agriculture,the degree of cultivated land fragmentation,the contracted cultivated area per person;the economic level includes annual income per person,cultivated land income per person,the proportion of the cultivated land income in the total income.The results showed that the compensation would increase with the decrease in distance of farmland to a county.Along with the complication of landform ,the cultivated land transfer compensation would be relatively fewer.When the personal contract farmland area is larger,the compensation would be lower.If the proportion of family income by farmland is larger,the compensation would be higher.

The exploration and development of tidal flat is restricted by the wide range and frqguent variaton of tidal flat and lack of temrain data.In this article，taking Chongming Dongtan as an experiment area,waterlines were extracted from different bands according to tidal conditions on the analysis of spectrum characteristics of multitemporal remote sensing images (1999~2004).The assignment of an elevation to the waterlines was performed according to two elevation survey profiles.The waterlines labeling elevation were used to construct TINs (Triangulated Irregular Networks).Then an interpolation for each grid elevation was performed in accordance with the associated triangle.The initial DEM， produced by using model heights generated by running the model with available topography，was then used to refine the topography in the intertidal zone，and the model was rerun to produce improved water levels and a new DEM.This procedure was iterated by comparing models and actual waterlines until no further improvement occurred.Finally，the DEM of Chongming Dontan was examined according to the four transects measured in the year of 2005.The results indicated that the standard deviation of the approach was 055 m，021 m，018 m and 016 m，respectively，which eliminated the effects of unavailable tidal height and discrepancy of waterlines on DEM precision.

Economic development and population explosion are two major driving forces that alter local land use and increase nonpoint source pollution.To overcome the threat of severe pollution and protect limited water resource,it is necessary to develop an integrated evaluation approach to understand the risk of the nitrogen and phosphorous leached from soils in complex land use systems.Based on analysis of factors influencing P and N runoff from fields,a comprehensive index assessment model was designed.To simplify the complex land use,runoff curve number (〖WTBX〗CN〖WTBZ〗) of Soil Conservation Service (SCS) of America was employed to express the differences in surface runoff resulted from different land use,and the equivalent standard pollution index method was taken to calculate the intensity of various type of pollution sources.A case study of Huajiachi Campus,Zhejiang University was taken to evaluate its reliability.The model was modified according to the real situation,to ensure its good performance.The results indicated that the high pollution sources plus high pollutant transportation potential can result in high risk of nitrogen and phosphorous leaching.The residential area,stock farm and heavy fertilized farm were high risk areas,while areas with well vegetation covered had low risk.The assessment model established in the paper can be applied to evaluate runoff potentials of N and P leached from complex land systems.

It is very important to investigate and assess ecological environment quality of mines and neighborhood areas for ecological environment monitoring and protection.In order to assess the extent of heavy metal contamination resulting from past mining activity in Dexing region，330 sediment samples within scope of 4 800 km2 were collected and analyzed for As，Hg，Cd，Cr，Zn，Cu and Pb in 2004.Heavy metal levels were determined using inductively couple plasmaatomic emission spectrometry and Xray fluorenscence spectrometry procedures.The contents of sediments samples concentrated between 3070~1 109 mg/kg for As，0015~5430 mg/kg for Hg，0035~135 mg/kg for Cd，7~236 mg/kg for Cr，22~1 770 mg/kg for Zn，5~4 390 mg/kg for Cu，and 15~1 685 mg/kg for Pb，respectively.Based on the statistics analysis and contour mapping of heavy metal contents，the results of assessment indicated consistently that the extents of contamination and potential ecological risk were different for As，Hg，Cd，Cu and Pb，especially in the areas of Dexing River and Dawu River around Dexing mines，along the lower courses of Le′an River，and some coal mines in the northwest.

Since reform and openingup in China，the industrialization and urbanization have made urban economy grow fast；however，urban water environment has been destroyed seriously.In order to improve the water environment，the government has already tried some methods for mitigating water pollution，but it was difficult to find an effective one.Considering the importance and urgency of rehabilitation of urban water environment，the Ministry of Science and Technology of China issued the Restorative Project of Urban Water Environment in Hanyang，Wuhan for finding out a useful operation model.It is obvious that urban water environment in Hanyang has been improved after new regulation arrangement，especially the combination of technology and management.Market mechanism is also effective and efficient in improving urban water environment.Therefore，it is necessary and feasible to build up a new operation mechanism of rehabilitation of urban water environment，in which the key point is that to internalize the external effects of input for improving urban water environment on the base of achieving public aim.Rehabilitating urban water environment will be a modern service industry，hugemarketed and profitable.

The effect of alkalinity on higher plants has been studied extensively，but little is known for aquatic plants，especially bloom forming cyanobacteria．In order to study the impacts of alkalinity on bloomforming cyanobacterium，〖WTBX〗Microcystis aeruginosa〖WTBZ〗 FACHB 927 was cultured under two different bicarbonate (HCO-3) alkalinity including 23 mM (ALK23) and 124 mM (ALK124) and its growth，photosynthetic performance and pigments were investigated in present study.ALK23 reduced the biomass by 38% at the end of culture in comparison with the control.ALK124 showed no significant effect on the biomass，but there was a rapid multiplication at the prophase.The results showed that the contents of chlorophyll a decreased by 74% and 56% under ALK23 and ALK124 respectively.Elevated alkalinity increased PBP/Chla ratio.Photosynthetic activity was restrained at the prophase of culture and then resumed at the anaphase under elevated alkalinity.
It is shown that low alkalinity (ALK23) could promote photosynthetic activity，whereas high alkalinity (ALK124) made no remarkable difference.Thus it can be concluded that alkalinity may be a scientific tool for preventing and managing 〖WTBX〗Microcystis〖WTBZ〗 bloom in freshwater.

The sediment of Jialing River was chosen to simulate nitrogen and phosphorus releasing rules of submerged soil in the bottom part (145~155 m) of the shorearea of Three Gorges Reservoir，which will be submerged for a rather long time every year.The results showed that during the submerging period，nitrogen and phosphorus were released to the overlying water from submerged soit.The nitrate nitrogen was dominant in total nitrogen under aerobic conditions while ammonia was the dominant form under the anaerobic conditions.The release ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus was high at beginning time，then went down with time and the release ability of total phosphorus in anaerobic conditions was better than aerobic conditions.The equilibrium concentration of total nitrogen in overlying water was little influenced by the aeration rates under aerobic conditions.However，the concentration of total nitrogen changed because the releasing process of nitrate nitrogen and ammonia was greatly influenced by aeration rate.The drying process of soil affected the release of nitrogen positively but the release of phosphorus negatively.The risks of eutrophication and pollution would increase if the bottom part of the shorearea was agriculturally utilized in short drying period.

Vegetation is an important variable in earth system.Influence of human activities on vegetation is obvious on certain scales.This paper，taking Chongqing City as an example，analyzed the correlation between artificial factors and vegetation spatiotemporal distribution based on time series NDVI data.It is shown that vegetation distribution and growth does not increase steadily nor rapidly like GDP and population with sustainable increasing trends from 1998 to 2005.There is always negative correlation between vegetation and GDP and population in terms of time series.However，the correlation appears significantly heterogeneous in space.The obvious negative correlation is observed in relatively developed areas nearby the center of the city where rapid economic development and urbanization make vegetation decrease both in distribution and productivity；whereas positive correlation is observed in those areas away from the city especially in underdeveloped areas.

The coexistence of seasonal drought and soil and water losses is an important ecological problem in the Three Gorges Reservoir area now,which badly threatens the sustainable development of society and economy in the reservoir area.Contour hedgerow，a common and effective technique around the world,is often employed to restore plant cover on cultivated slope land and conserve water and soil resources.And it is considered as an available way to realize sustainable development of agroecosystem in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.Three hedges of 〖WTBX〗Leucaena leucocephala,Vitex negundo〖WTBZ〗 and 〖WTBX〗Coriaria sinica〖WTBZ〗 were selected to discuss the benefits to soil and water conservation and droughtresistance in this research. The results showed that the effect of sediment trapping and depositing by contour hedgerows was significant.The height of silt had increased to 80 cm and the gradient had been eliminated 20° after 10 years.Compared with the control,within the contour hedgerow treatments,soil organic matter increased from 52% to 65%,soil bulk density decreased from 14% to 17%, and soil noncapillary porosity increased from 135% to 216% especially.The effects of fertilizer maintenance and improvement under the contour hedgerow system were significant and soil structure was improved obviously.In dry season,surface soil water content within the contour hedgerow treatment was 123% higher than the control,which reflected the high capability of water conservation of contour hedgerow treatments.According to the effective thickness of soil layer of 60 cm,soil water total volumetric capacity in the treatments of 〖WTBX〗Leucaena leucocephala,Vitex negundo〖WTBZ〗 and 〖WTBX〗Coriaria sinica〖WTBZ〗 increased 271,257 and 247 mm respectively,which then improved the soil ability of droughtresistance greatly.Under the system of hedgeroworange, fruit setting percentage and average yield increased 12% and 15% respectively compared to the control.

The ecological potential power of a vegetation pattern reflects the ecological integrated power of one area.Therefore，the study on ecological potential power of the vegetation pattern can offer references for ecological protection.The Jinsha River Watershed is one fragile area in the Chinese western region.The Jinsha River Watershed in Yunnan Province was selected for study of its ecological potential power.First，on the basis of ecological potential power criterion，which was established according to different classes of vegetation，the ecological potential power of different plants was recorded.Second，TM remote sensing data of 2006 and 1996 was used to make vegetation classified plot in the watershed.On the basis of this vegetation classifying plot，the ecological potential power chart was also plotted with ArcGIS software.From the chart，the middle and west region of the study area were showed to be poorer about its ecological potential power.Furthermore，the area change of different vegetation was also calculated during recent 10 years；and ecological potential power change was calculated too.The ecological potential power changed mostly in the middle and west of Jinsha River Watershed in Yunnan Province，and this is consistent with its population distribution，because population is most dense in these areas.As a result of this study，the vegetation ecological function and values，and the trend of vegetation change in the watershed were better illustrated.Moreover，the study result offered evidence for vegetation restoration of Jinsha River Watershed in Yunnan Province.

Soil moisture content in the karst clusterpeach mountains is a key factor controlling the hydrology and environment of the area.The study of soil moisture distribution and regularity plays an important role for soil and water loss prevention，rocky desertification control and environment recovery in theory and practice.In this study，the soil moisture contents in typical karst clusterpeach mountains in Puding County，Guizhou Province，were measured by time domain reflectometry in many locations with different vegetation covers，landform，soil characteristics，land surface slopes and rock distributions.Their influencing factors were revealed on the basis of the observation data.The results show that soil moisture content has a significant increase tendency from the mountain higher to lower portion for any different landuses in the mountains.Soil moisture content increases significantly in the deeper soil layers but decreases in the areas with sharper slope surface.Soil moisture content under vegetation canopy is greater than that in the bare sites，and this influence becomes weak when the land surface vegetation changes from forest to shrub and grass.Soil moisture content in the soil layers above the rock is higher with the thick soil layer and lower with the thin soil layer.

Karst rocky desertification is a kind of ecological disasters，distributed widely in mountainous karst area of Southwest China.Over the last three decades，karst rocky desertification has become more and more serious，intensely restricting the economical development and ecology quality enhancement of Southwest China.Hence we must pay more attention to it.First，the current situation of karst rocky desertification research is discussed from the following three aspects：concept，causes and treatment.And then the coexisting related questions are analyzed，including the partial of research，the lack of quantitative research，the disagreement in criteria and the scarcity of landscape ecological research.Landscape ecology has its own theoretical predominance and methodology system，and we may resolve some related questions by using landscape ecological theories and research methods.Based on that，the future four prospects on karst rocky desertification research are finally presented in terms of landscape ecology，namely landscape pattern change research，study on landscape heterogeneity and regionalization，dynamic simulation on the process of karst rocky desertification and research on biodiversity.

The implementation of the Environment Impact Assessment Law of China in 2003 took environmental impact assessment for plan/program (PEIA) into an institutional stage.Surely，tourism plan is one of these plans which requires impact assessment.However，as the environmental impact assessment for tourism plan (TPEIA) in China is still at the initial stage，there are many technical problems waiting for being solved.For instance，the identification of impact by a tourism plan，which is a connecting link between the preceding and the following of the whole assessment，is one of the most important steps in a TPEIA，but there exists no maturely technology or method suitable for such a purpose.Based on a discussion of the definition and importance of tourism plan，this paper made a primary summary and discussion on contents of the identification by virtue of literature review，and summarized the subject，object and effect of the identification of a tourism plan，aiming to improve the science and validity of TPEIA in China.At the last of this paper，taking the TPEIA of Qinghai Lake as an example，the authors applied a method named Matrix，and defined the impacts on natural resources，landscape resources，ecological environment，sensitive environmental areas，as well as the society，economy and culture in Qinghai Lake Area.We believe that projects and activities determined by such a plan will surely provide some experience for similar plans in the future at home and abroad，and at the same time，to provide some useful information and support for decision makers.