The Yangtze Basin is rich in water resources. As a water source for the SouthtoNorth Water Transfer Project,it is also the strategic water source area for Chinas water resources allocation. Water saving society construction in the Yangtze Basin is very important for the national economic and social sustainable development. Based on the natural resource conditions,social and economic development level and the environmental quality of the Yangtze Basin,characteristics of water saving society is studied,and the conclusion is that to reduce pollution through water saving and to allocate rationally water resources between the southern and northern China are two basic characteristics. Furthermore,through qualitative and quantitative analysis of water saving society construction from the point view of society,economy and environment,it is showed that water saving society construction is of great benefit to the Yangtze Basin.

Sustainable development system is a complex system consisting of economics,society and ecological environment and so on. On the background of Chongming’s ecological island construction,an index system is established based on the principle of regional sustainable development. Four indices including sustainable development index,development trend of sustainability,coordination index,and trend degree index are selected to make a comprehensive evaluation on the ability of Chongming’s sustainable development,which would put a good foundation for scientific prediction and strategic decisionmaking for Chongming’s quick economic development,healthiness of social function as well as sustainable utilization of natural capital stocks. The results showed that the level of sustainable development in Chongming Island increased every year on the whole. The increment also has gained up year after year. Over the past ten years,the development trend of sustainability in Chongming’s sustainable development system was obvious. There is a high coordination index among economics,society and ecological environment,showing a better rhythm between each other. The trend degree is heading for a more advanced stage. The evaluation results are in accordance with real situation.

Emergy analysis is becoming an effective tool to evaluate regional development and sustainability,as it can weigh both the value of environmental resources and economic activities quantificationally. Chongming Island is the third largest island in China which locates in the estuary of the Yangtze River. Employing the theory and method of emergy,the authors analyzed and evaluated the emergy indices' changing trends during 1980~2003,such as emergy selfsufficiency ratio,emergy per capita,emergy density,emergy loading ratio,population carrying capacity,emergybased sustainability index,etc. Comparison of some important indices of Chongming Island in 2003 with other regions and countries at home and abroad was performed. Aiming at the goal of “ecological island”,the advantages and disadvantages of the island were discussed and some suggestion and countermeasures were put forward in order to maintain the sustainability. The study showed that life quality was high due to good ecoenvironment in Chongming Island. However,because the developmental ability of economic and the competitive power of science and technology were so low,that its developmental level only ranked at national average. There was a large disparity in general developmental level between Chongming Island and the Yangtze River Delta which it locates in. The status quo of Chongming Island is highly sustainable and the whole system operates stably,healthy and vitally. In the future,its development should balance and harmonize economic development with environmental protection reasonably to enhance sustainability.

Now land resource has become the most important factor to development zones. The government requires all development zones to improve their intensive degree of land use at full steam. Under the guidance of scientific development standpoint,it is necessary to establish the system for economic evaluation of land use in development zones. Development zones give a great impulse to regional economy of Jiangsu Province,but it is facing a challenge in the new development condition. This paper constructed an index system for economic evaluation of land use in development zones and used the system harmony model to get the harmony degree of each development zone on the whole. After computing the harmony degree,the authors analyzed the characters of the result and came to the conclusion that the economic efficiency of land use of the 103 development zones was not high and many zones needed to improve their intensive level of land use. The authors suggested that the spatial layout of the evaluation result had a great regional difference.

According to relevant data in the past decade in China,the tour priority of each tour zone is compared and analyzed dynamicly in view of each zones general number of tourists，gross tour earnings and its proportion to GDP，position quotient of international tourists and position quotient of domestic tourists.The results show:(1)the trend of each tour zones general tourists and gross tour earnings increases distinctly,but the gap of general tourists and gross tour earnings among nine tour zones enlarges more and more evidently,especially the competitiveness of Wuyue Culture tour zone increases sharply; (2)the proportion curve of gross tour earnings to GDP of each zone fluctuates wavily,but its trend ascends slightly in general with Jinghua AcientModern,Wuyue Culture and Lingnan Culture doing more contribution to their economic development; (3)the position quotient of international tourists of each tour zone differs greatly,but the general trend shrinks gradually,and the competitiveness is larger in Silkroad Seekingtrace，Lingnan Culture and World Fastigium tour zones than in others.In addition,the position quotient of domestic tourists of each tour zone differs a bit.It indicates there is only a little difference among the competitiveness of the zones.

Tidal flats cover a large area at Qiantang River Estuary. The scientific exploitation,utilization and protection of estuary tidal flats are of great importance to economic development,estuary engineering construction,channel exploitation,ecosystem services and environmental protection. This paper analyzed the difference between regulations of estuary tidal flat and that of seashore,and introduced the tidal flats at Qiantang River Estuary,including the alluvial movement history,exploitation progress in recent decades,current situation and cultivation achievements in terms of economic development and flood control. The major existent problems concerning exploitation progress,utilization and protection of tidal flats were also discussed in this paper. Besides,in accordance with the change of tide in recent years and the alluvial speed of tidal flats,some instructive advices were put forward on the further reclamation,such as paying attention to estuary engineering,optimizing channel,closely following homeostasis,and emphasizing comprehensive utilization and sustainable development of tidal flats.

The evaluation of sustainable land use was studied with associated indexes. Every index laterally reflected the extent of sustainable land use. Based on the characteristies of land use,referring to the experiences of the experts,the authors selected indexes concerned with nature,environment and social economy. Using the Fuzzy synthetic judgement,the authors evaluated the level of land use of Hubei Province in 1990,1997 and 2004. The result shows that despite its low level,the sustainability of land use in Hubei Province demonstrates an uptrend during 1990,1997 and 2004,which is consistent with the real situation,and thus illustrates that the evaluation method is available.

In order to unify farmland classification and land price,this paper takes Huangjingping hydroelectric station reservoir area for example,using 119 evaluation units of agriculture land in the area. Based on the software of SPSS and Arcmap/info,by regressive analysis method,a comprehensive model of the connection between reservoir area farmland evaluation factors and net return was set up. The farmland grades are also determined. Then,it calculates landvalue of every farmland level by means of income reverting. The result is that the absolute error of estimated net return and real net return is 0.05 yuan/m2,the relative error is 13.85%,and the correlation coefficient is 0.86. The land price of stageⅠis 23 yuan/m2,19 yuan/m2 for stage Ⅱ,15 yuan/m2 for stage Ⅲ,and 12 yuan/m2 for stage Ⅳ. It shows that regressive analysis comprehensive model acquires fine reversion. The gradeappraisal data can be shared by each other. The problems that specialists must ascertain weights have been solved. The model matches the situation about sterile nature of the farmland.

With the support of GIS spatial analysis tools and ERDAS spatial language,ETM image and land utilization status data from LandSAT satellite No.7 are used to extract RVI,NDVI and MSAVI vegetation indices in ETM image. And zonal statistic analysis tool in ArcGIS is applied in the statistics and analysis of the distribution and characteristics of the three vegetation indices in each land utilization type. The result indicates that the characteristics of RVI,NDVI and MSAVI in land utilization are similar,and they can reflect vegetation coverage extents well. But their manifestations are different-RVI is high,NDVI and MSAVI are lower,and the vegetation coverage extents they represented are relatively low,vice versa. The three vegetation indices can distinguish farmland,nonvegetation coverage area and vegetation coverage area well,but it is difficult to distinguish forestland and shrubbery land,as well as dry land and orchard.

The plant functional group composition and species diversity in different succession stage at degraded plateau wetland of Napahai were studied. The results showed that as the succession from primary swamp to swampy meadow,to meadow,and to reclaimed wetland,the compositive species of natural plant community including accompanying species increased,while the occurrence of dominant plant species reduced,which makes the community structure complex.With the deflected succession of aquatic ecotype plant functional group,the dominance of mesophytes and xerophytes increased,while the dominance of aquatic and hygric plants decreased. However,there are only planting crops in the reclaimed wetland. In the composition of plant biotype functional group,the hydrophytes reduced quickly with the deflected succession and the dominance of perennial herbs is mostly marked,and there are only annual herbs in reclaimed wetland. Compared with primary swamp,the species diversity index (richness and diversity index) of meadow is the highest,the swampy meadow follows,and the reclaimed wetland is the lowest. It was clearly showed that the characteristics of plant functional group compositions and species diversities in Napahai Wetland are a respondance of wetland environment changes under human disturbances,which indicates the changing of wetland ecosystem and losing of wetland functions.

Wetland lakeside function of Jianhu Lake is qualitatively studied by indexes of water quality and sediment,through field samples and data analysis. It is showed that wetland lakeside plays an important role in water quality purification and intercepting sediment,among which the average evisceration rate of total nitrogen and total phosphorus are 66.28% and 45.73% respectively. Results of interception are as followings: （1） the thickness of mud in upstream face is 1.5 times than that in downstream face;（2） except for pH,all indexes of mud in downstream face are more than that in upstream face,among which the available phosphorus and the total nitrogen in downstream face are 3.30 and 2.6 times than that in upstream face respectively,where vegetation absorbs much mineral nutrition and their remains are accumulated. It could be concluded that lakeside has absorption and purification functions. Therefore it is necessary to protect lakeside so as to effectively exert their functions.

Based on field investigation and laboratory analysis,hydrophytes,water nutrients of nitrogen and phosphorus,and the spatial variety of water nutrients of nitrogen and phosphorus in Jianhu wetland were analyzed,and also the impacts of hydrophytes on spatial distribution of water nutrients of nitrogen and phosphorus were discussed. The results showed that hydrophytes were rich and water nutrients of nitrogen and phosphorus presented a strong variability influenced by the wetland hydrophytes community in Jianhu wetland. Emerged plants influenced the distribution of water nutrients in the lakeshore and submerged plants in the lake and absorbed water nutrients greatly-total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） concentration of inflow water were 14.097 mg/L and 1.628 mg/L,but they were just 0.321 mg/L and 0.022 mg/L in outflow water in Jianhu wetland. It can be found that water quality was greatly improved,so the hydrophytes played an important role on spatial distribution of water nutrients of nitrogen and phosphorus and could make wetland ecosystem perform its own function.

Yunnan Province is rich of mineral resources. With broadening the scale in the mineral resources exploitation,a series of environmental problems such as environment pollution，failure and geologic hazard are brought about.Most environment pollutions appear mainly in karst region,especially in the form of water pollution; environment pollution has a much worse destruction to the earth,vegetation and physiognomy,especially in the quarry areas. It even results in geologic hazard; for the mine geologic hazard,the background of physiognomy is the potential factor,while the irrational exploitation is the magistral factor.And the rainfall and hydrological condition are the direct cause of the geologic hazard. The familiar geologic hazards in Yunnan Province are land slide,debris flow and largearea failure and subsidence of ground. As the various geologic hazards have the different frequency and intensity in the various mining areas,the main environmental problems in the mineral resources exploitation are analyzed.

All of the electric documents about Lushan mountain have been analyzed and it is showed that the research papers increased after 1994. The trend that articles appear less on the Chinese core journals is more obvious. The degree of the cooperation is very low,and so is the degree of the collaboration. The distribution of the first author characters universality and lack of uniformity and the authors in Jiangxi Province are ranking first in numbers. Research institutions ccupy an important position,and Lushan Mountain Bureau published most articles because of its ascendant location. The prolific author groups follow the law of range attenuation-most of them are from Jiujiang,and then diffuse to Nanchang and neighborhood. The quantity of the themes of articles descend from biology,tourism,geology and physiognomy,cultural landscape,and then to ecoenvironment. The paper also proposed some suggestions on strengthening the study on Lushan mountain:to construct the research system of Lushanology; cultivate harmonious research groups and innovate study research methods.

Based on the current status of the Yangtze waters,an integrated evaluation index system for the aquatic ecosystem health of the Yangtze River was proposed,providing support for the water resources protection and development of the Yangtze River Basin. In this paper,the connotation of the Healthy Yangtze,as well as the constituents,was well defined. An index system for the aquatic ecosystem of the Healthy Yangtze River was brought forward where an evaluation model was developed. The weight of each index was determined and the evaluation standards were established. This evaluation index has been applied to a research of the Wuhan stretch of the Yangtze River. The study has come to the conclusion that the Yangtze River was challenged with subhealth problem. The water quality,the stability of the river bed and bank,and the hydrological regime were in a fairly good condition,while the protection of aquatic organism especially rare species and the management of river bank zones needed to be intensified.

In recent years,the polluted degree of water quality in the Yangtze River is becoming more and more serious and has been widespread concerned. To quantitatively study water pollution in the Yangtze River and to predict the future pollution are of great significance in the prevention and treatment of water pollution in the Yangtze River. In this paper,firstly,by reasonable assumptions,the completely mixed model and onedimensional continuous point source flow model under different circumstances are established. Based on the water quality monitoring data of 1995 to 2004,the authors compile the programs of MATLAB,calculate major pollutant's concentrations,and define the distribution of major pollutants in the Yangtze River. Secondly,through the analysis of historical data,and noting variability of the actual situation,using three exponential smoothing,the polluted states of the Yangtze Rivers water quality are analyzed and predicted. Finally,the results of the model are discussed.

The water quality is an important part of environment. One important thing of management environment is assessing water quality. The present situation of water in the Yangtze River is analyzed. Through using the Fuzzy synthetic assessment,this paper primarily evaluates water quality of the Yangtze River on the basis of monitoring water quality data (200401～200412) of five sections in the Yangtze River. The results indicate that water quality of the Yangtze River ranks among ClassⅡ. The change of water quality is gentle. In this period,synthesis water indexes of five sections are changed from 2.0 to 2.6. Indexes in Feb. and Aug. are the highest of all (2.6). Synthesis water indexes of five sections are below 3.0. The index of specific section (Chenglingji,Hunan Province) is the highest (2.6) and the main pollutant is CODMn. Indexes of Linshan,Jiangsu Province are the least (2.0).

With the aim of solving the wastewater treatment in newcity zone of Shanghai suburb,the feasibility of economy and technique including wastewater treatment effect,investment and cost of operation of subsurface flow constructed wetlands,is analyzed based on development scale,green belt projection and effluent standard of different newcity zone in Shanghai suburb. As a sustainable and ecological wastewater treatment solution,constructed wetland engineering is feasible for its treatment effect can meet the requirement of the wastewater effluent standard,its investment and cost of operation is much lower than that of conventional wastewater treatment plant,and its construction can be combined with the green belt layout and landscape planning of water body.

Taihu Basin is one of the most developed regions in China,but it is also one of the most polluted regions in water environment. The area of Taihu Basin in Jiangsu province occupies only one fifth of total area of the Jiangsu Province,but the GDP of Suzhou,Wuxi and Changzhou accounts for 55.68% of that of Jiangsu in 2005. The water environment of Taihu Basin in Jiangsu Province is grievous. Based on the analysis of actuality of water environment and the possibility of water transfer through the gate along the Changjiang River in Taihu Basin,according to the idea of water flowing,the projects of water transfer are discussed on the basin scale and region scale. The effects of water transfer to improve water environment are analyzed. The result shows that the water environment in Taihu Basin in Jiangsu Province could be meliorated availably through water transfer. The most available project of water transfer to improve water environment is the combination project that fetches in water from Changjiang River in the west region of Taihu and Yangchendingmao and drains water from

Based on economic statistical data (per capita GDP) and water quality monitoring data of Donghu Lake covering 1991 to 2004,a model of the interrelation between water quality of Donghu Lake and economic growth of Wuhan City was established and the characteristic of Kuznets was analyzed. The results lead to three main conclusions: 1) the main indicators relating to water quality of Donghu Lake(CODMn,DO,BOD,TP、NH3N) all turn better except DO and BOD,which means that water quality of Donghu Lake is becoming better; 2) the curve of Donghu Lake water quality differs from the typical invertedU shape of EKC and it has three forms: invertedU,U,N curve; 3) based on the research,economic increase,environmental policy and environmental protect investment are considered as the main factors which lead to the water quality improvement of Donghu Lake.

In this article,the author discusses the reason why water quality of the Hanjiang River is better than that of the Yangtze River. It is shown that it is because of the differences of geological structures,soil constitution,riverside slopes and river widths,and so on.The author suggests that environmenthydaulic engineering projects should be constructed to regulate rivers,so water in the river will naturally be clear and the limitation of the water purification technology for slightpolluted water process can be conquered.

In this paper,the status quo of aquatic environmental quality and aquatic organisms in the Changhu Lake were evaluated . The results showed that the pollution of water quality in the lake was due to organic pollution. The water quality ranked among ClassⅤ or inferior Ⅴ during the period of overall appraisal .The Changhu lake was an extremely eutrophic one. The structure of algal community changed with the seasons. In the Lake,cyanobacteria were the dominant species in summer. Phosphorus was the limiting factor for algal growth,and the quantity of zooplanktons in summer and autumn was significantly higher than in winter and spring . Curly pondweed (Potamogeton crispus ) and P. maackianus were the two dominant species of submerged plants. As regards to distribution,aquatic vascular plants covered 80%~90% of the whole area of the lake . Their biomass was rather high in spring. The growth of the algae was in a relative balance with that of the submerged plants.

Based on the data from Yichang Hydrological Station of the Yangtze River,and the characteristics of upriver channel,the complicated relationship of water discharge,sediment concentration and suspended sediment granularity at Yichang Hydrological Station by regression analysis is carried out. After analyzing the positive correlation of the mean multiyear variations of water discharge and sediment concentration,a corresponding regression model between water discharge and sediment concentration is constructed; by studying the complicated relationship between water discharge and suspended sediment size,it is found that there existed obvious doublevalue relationship between the two parameters and the dominative influence of the hydrodynamics. The study of the annual variety of hydrological data indicates that the relationship between water discharge and sediment concentration is not satisfying,as there is no phase change of the upriver water discharge in small time scale;flood year is not always the highsediment year; water discharge and suspended sediment size presents no periodicity.

There is a mass of suspended sediment in the Three Gorges Reservoir. The impact of the suspended sediment on water environment should be paid more attention to. In order to discuss the influence of sediment on the algaes growth and provide the basis for the eutrophication forecast and control，this paper reports the influence of sediment on the diatoms growth on the condition of suitable illumination,water temperature and nutrition salt. The result revealed that appropriate amount of sediment was beneficial to diatoms growth. In the water sample of 0.0 and 0.2 kg/m3，the peak density of Chlorophylla exceeded the initial quantity and other four water samples.

Soil erosion is the direct cause of soil and water loss. Qingjiang River Basin lies in the southwest part of Hubei Province. The severe soil erosion is the main cause of environment deterioration and is also one of the main limiting factors on the development of economy in this area. Thus,the authors analyze the soil erosion dynamics in the Qingjiang River Basin using relief maps and remote sensing images of different periods. From 1995 to 2000,the soil erosion area has been reduced by 10.98 km2,or 0.06%,while soil erosion area still accounts for 40.70% of the total land area of the region.This shows that the soil erosion in this region is still severe. After five years of soil and water conservation control and ecological environment construction,the control work in the zones of the intensive degree and very intensive degree is steadily making progress,while its not in other zones. All these imply that for the natural processes and the human activities,both the construction and destruction are still existing,and the degree of soil erosion is increasing,so some countermeasures for treating soil erosion in this region should be taken.

Using GIS,the indexes of diversity,evenness,fragment,abruption and fractal dimension have been chosen to analyze the landscape pattern changes and their influencing factors in Yidong Town,Hanyuan County which are located in the upper reaches of the Liusha River with reference to the land use map in 1985 and 1994 and the remote sensing images in 2003.The research shows a growth in the indexes of diversity,evenness,fragment and abruption of the whole landscape; the regulating effect of woodland has been continuously decreasing,which made the shape of landscape turned out to be comparatively complicated. The analysis of the influencing factors shows that the influence of towns and roads caused the surrounding landscape to be manmade dry land in the majority. Among the topographical factors,the habitation area and paddy fields are largely distributed at hill areas lower than 15°,at plain and at northfaced slope while woodland,bushes and grassland are comparatively more occurred at hill areas higher than 15°. The distribution of woodland at northfaced slope is a little more than that of other aspects; the distribution of bushes at southfaced slope is more than those of northfaced slope; and the distribution of dry land reaches its peak at halfsouthfaced slope.

Located in the Town of Yulong County,Lijiang City,Yunnan Province,Lashihai is one of the most important plateau wetlands in China. This article analyzes the threatening factors of Lashihai Basin,such as climate change,agriculture development,fireburning,cofferdams and other project. Influenced by these factors,the structure and function of Lashihai ecosystem have changed a lot. Now,a “Landscape Island” appears in Lashihai wetland,and the loss of biodiversity is obvious. The wetland ecology function declines remarkably. After analyzing the factors and their influence,the authors advise that cofferdams should be demolished as soon as possible,the wetland should be protected and exploited correctly,and some countermeasures should be taken to compensate the local people for the declination of the ecology.