The construction of SuzhouNantong Cross Yangtze Bridge and ShanghaiChongmingNantong Cross Yangtze Passage will lead to the evolution of the regional transport network pattern,which will deeply impact on the development of correlative region.As for as Nantong,the relative backward area in this region,the construction of the cross Yangtze passage is not only an opportunity but also a challenge to its development:(1) The accessibility of Nantong will be markedly improved after the construction,which makes Nantong convenient to connect the core areas in the Yangtze Delta,and the decrease of transport costs will accelerate the production factors agglomeration,but at the same time,the high quality factors are confronted with the potential drain risk.(2) The industrial scale will expand rapidly,but the lowerclass industry are dominant in this process,which increase the stress of industrial structure improvement,and the blind outspread and dispersed layout of construction land deteriorate the outoforder pattern of spatial exploitation.(3) With entering the compact circle of Shanghai Metropolitan Coordinating Area,Nantong is hopeful to establish the second tier cities in the north of the Yangtze Delta,but the competition stress will synchronously increases.For the sustainable development,some regionally efficient policies should be constituted on promoting city construction,agglomerating factors and the reasonably utilizing of spatial resources.

Since the policy of the development of the Yangtze River area was brought into effect in 2003,the manufacturing distribution among the development zones along the Yangtze River has been changed.Thus, based on the theory of new economic geography,using statistics data and questionnaire investigation,the authors quantitatively analyzed spatial division of manufacturing industry among 21 development zones 〖JP2〗along the Yangtze River,the agglomeration and transference of 9 manufacturing〖JP〗 industries with the methods of specialization coefficient and Gini coefficient.Result shows that:(1)From 2002 to 2006,the pattern of core of capital/technology intensive manufacturing industry in the south of the Yangtze River and the periphery of 〖JP2〗labour intensive manufacturing industry in the north of the Yangtze River is forming〖JP〗 by the former transferring the labour intensive manufacturing industry to the latter.(2) However,the homogeneity in the industry structure of inner development zones in the south or in the north still exists.(3) Because of the interaction among phrase of development zones,regional industrial policies,local supply of resources and market demand,it doesn't exist phenomenon of manufacturing agglomeration at large,exclusive textile and garment,petrochemical industry,electricity,plastics and rubber,which is different from hypothesis.

There are so many international rivers distributed widely in China.There are two main aspects of using the international rivers water resources,the navigating utilization and water resources utilization.In China,the utilization of the international river water resource is the main one.It is very important to perfect the legislation of utilization of water resources from international rivers in China.Perfecting the legislation of utilization of international river water resources can ensure us to use the water resources fully,reasonably and lawfully;to remove the bad effect of “the China threat theory” in international public opinion;to relieve the serious shortage of freshwater resources in China;to develop the local economy of river area;to protect the local ecological environment,etc.In this paper,we take two methods,which are comprehensive analysis and empirical study to study the current legislation of the utilization of international river water resources in China and negotiation with foreigners.Reviewing on legislation of utilization international river water resources in China,there are so many problems,such as,the ideas of legislative are uncoordinated,the prospects of water resources pollution preventing are narrow,lacking of the bilateral or multilateral special agreement on the regional water resources. We should take the measures to regulate the utilization of the international river water resources,such as,adjusting the legislative ideas about utilization of international rivers water resources,strengthening the legal system of the regional bilateral or multilateral special agreement,insisting on the “fair utilization principle” of international law to maintain our rights and interests in international law;widening the vision of the relevant legislation,paying attention to the utilization and conservation about the international rivers water resources;protecting the international rivers basin water environment.

Based on daily temperature data of 146 meteorological stations from 1960 to 2005 in the Yangtze River basin,this paper analyzed the spatial characteristics of annual temperature in the Yangtze River basin by applying EOF and REOF,and calculated temporal evolution and detected abrupt change.The results showed that,there were two main spatial oscillation patterns(the same trend in the whole basin and EastWest difference trend in the whole basin),and three sensitive areas of annual temperature change(the Middlelower basin,Southern Yangtze River basin and Jinshajiang basin).Annual temperature increased dramatically since 1990 in all the three areas,and showed abrupt changes in late 1990 s,while Jinshajiang basin increased most with climate trend rate 020℃/10a.Spatial distribution of 1991~2005 anomalies in the Yangtze River basin also showed that annual temperature increased in the whole basin,especially the Middlelower basin and Jinshajiang basin increased most significantly.

Valuating ecosystem services is important to the public and decision makers as well as scientists.Investigations of the value of agricultural ecosystems have focused mainly on value food and neglected the value of regulation services,supporting services and cultural services of an ecosystem.Gas regulation service,a kind of regulation service of a pond aquaculture ecosystem,is calculated in this paper.Through Chlorophyll a measured in an aquaculture pond each season,the primary production of the aquaculture pond is calculated,and then the value of gas regulation service of common fish pond aquaculture ecosystem is estimated by using the price of industrial O2,the Sweden carbon tax and the cost of forestation.The result of the study shows that the total value of gas regulation service of pond aquaculture ecosystem is about 63 42248 yuan/a〖DK1〗·hm2.Considering the value loss of oxygen consumption and the release of carboncontaining gas,the total net value of gas regulation service of pond aquaculture is about 28 886.74 yuan/a〖DK1〗·hm2,including the value of carbon fixation,which is about 25 46328 yuan/a〖DK1〗·hm2,the value of O2 emission is about 3 42346 yuan/a〖DK1〗·hm2.The value of gas regulation service of pond aquaculture is above half of market value of fish production in the pond,which is about 44 022.1 yuan/a〖DK1〗·hm2.It is concluded that the contribution of aquaculture to society and economy is underestimated in view of the ecosystem service of aquaculture.The result of this study shows that the value of the gas regulation service of pond aquaculture is more than that of the farming in other research;this may be resulted from the rapid growth rate of algae.Though many methods have been used to evaluate the gas regulation service of agriculture,the method through Chlorophyll a may be an effective method to value gas regulation service in pond aquaculture.

To clarify the pollution sources and the influence on algae bloom(cyanobacterial blooms)in Lake Taihu,the third largest fresh water lake of China,the spatiotemporal pattern of water environmental indicators of the lake,such as transparency,permanganate index,nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations,and chlorophyll concentration,was analyzed based on the monthly investigating data in 32 sample sites during 2005 to 2007.The spatial different among different areas of the lake was significant.The inflow mouths of several rivers in the northwest of the lake contented a lot of nutrients,which the permanganate index was several times higher than the east part of the lake.This reflected the strong influence of external pollution  on the lake eutrophication and northwest catchments were the main contributor of nutrients of Taihu.The water quality of the lake was also highly varied seasonally.Total nitrogen concentrations,for instance,were averagely doubled in winter and spring than those in summer and autumn,however,total phosphorus and chlorophyll  showed significantly high values during May to September.During summer,chlorophyll  concentration showed a significant positive relationship with total nitrogen,total phosphorus concentration and with permanganate index,which suggested that the nutrients and organic pollution during summer have promoting influence on cyanobacterial bloom.The research suggested that both the morphological characteristics(for example,large surface area combined with extreme shallowness,the distribution of inflow rivers)and the external input from northwest of the lake were the main reasons of the spatiotemporal eutrophic pattern of Lake Taihu.It also indicated that external pollution still was the main reason for the development of cyanobacterial blooms in Taihu.Strictly control and efficiently decrease the external pollution was the first step and the only choice for bloom control.And,to solve the cyanobacterial bloom of the lake,the external pollution from northwest of the lake must be controlled efficiently first.

Using physicallybased and parameterdistributed hydrological models,SWAT and Topmodel,hydrological effects caused by vegetation evolution within nearly 20 yeas in the headstream of Ganjiang was simulated.Based on the different characteristic of the models,different simulation steps were conceived.Changing of runoff in different years was simulated by SWAT,and changing of flux process in different years was simulated by Topmodel.The results shows:exclude the influence of climate change between the various scenes,only using different land use/cover and vegetation elements in the two models.Vegetation evolution in the Meijiang basin made the changing of hydrological effects apparently.In the whole basin,annual runoff was increased by 146% from 1987 to 2000.In its subbasin Qingjiang,the conflux speed was decreased,and peak discharge was decreased approximately by 5% in 7 inundations from 1995 to the year of 2000.The ecohydrological effects of vegetation change in Meijiang basin given strong evidence that the work of afforestation and land consolidation,also called as “Mountain Rivers and Lake Project” in Jiangxi Province,have good feedback effects to the ecological healthy of the basin.

In order to carry rationally out forest landscape planning and construction,the landscape ecological sensitivity and landscape visible sensitivity of Jiufeng urban Forest reserve in Wuhan City were studied based on RS and GIS technique integrated subcompartment investigation.The results showed that,the high ecologically sensitive areas accounted for 46％ of the total area of Jiufeng urban forest reserve in Wuhan City,and included the barren hills,the abandoned quarry and a small amount of brushwood.The ecologically restoration of high ecological sensitive areas should be conducted as soon as possible.The moderate ecological sensitive areas accounted for 535％ and included water body,cultivated land,some forestry nurseries and construction sites which might focus on the forest vegetation restoration and landscape construction.The low ecologically sensitive areas accounted for 419％ and included forest cover region,some forestry nurseries and residential areas,which should be protected with particular importance.The firstclass visually sensitive areas were mainly distributed in the closeshot zone of the both sides along the roads with more than 20° slopes,which should be taken measures to protect and restore the landscape.The secondclass visually sensitive areas mainly were the smaller slope closeshot zone,and mediumshot zone and wideshot zone of all mountains,which had strong visibility and should actualize landscape reconstruction.The thirdclass visually sensitive areas mainly were the smooth mediumshot zone and wideshot zone,and included the seminatural landscape and cultural landscape of cultivated land,forestry nurseries and residential areas,which could develop landscape construction without affecting the overall appearance and visual environment.The fourthclass visually sensitive areas were the invisible or low visible regions with lower slope and worse accessibility,which should not arrange construction projects.

Statistics methods including linear regression analysis,correlation analysis and autoregression model have been utilized to investigate the annual and seasonal climatic change and its impacts on the ecological environment in the past 50 years (1957~2004) in Jinshui River Basin,Shaanxi.The results show that the annual mean air temperature has totally increased 111℃ with significant increase in winters in the past 50 years.In the early 1990s and 2000s,the annual temperature has increased most with a magnitude of 06℃. Annual precipitation has decreased 1196 mm with larger decrease in summer precipitation during the same time period.During 1985~1997,annual precipitation has decreased with the maxima of 3452 mm.It seems that the temperature of the basin will continually increase 013℃,while the precipitation will decrease 78% than before.The climate change in the past 50 years in Jinshui River Basin had led to dramatic impacts on the ecoenvironment.The ecosystem is more vulnerable and it has threatened the water security for the Middle Line of China’s SouthtoNorth Water Transfer Project.

The determination of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) which are United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) priority in surface water from Guiyang Hongfeng Lake has been developed using solidphase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography.The results showed that the total concentrations of sixteen PAHs in water ranged from 0167 1 to 0336 4 μg/L.The Hongfeng Lake was lightly polluted,in comparison with values reported from other river in China.The total concentrations of seven PAHs including naphthalene,fluoranthene,benzo(b)fluoranthene,benzo(k)fluoranthene,benzo(a)pyrene,indeno(1,2,3cd)pyrene and benzo(g,h,i)perylene weren’t above the limit of drinking water standards for Chinese water supply industry;however the Hongfeng Lake worked as a source for drinking water,the content of benzo(a)pyrene in water exceeded the limit of standard for source water of drinking water in China (GB 38382002),and the concentration of benzo(a)anthracene,chrysene,benzo(b)fluoranthene,benzo(k)fluoranthene,benzo(a)pyrene,indeno(1,2,3cd)pyrene was above standards for surface water of US EPA.In addition,the ratios of selected PAHs were applied to apportion sources of PAHs in surface water from Guiyang Hongfeng Lake.

Taking the calcareous soils from Wujiang River catchments of Southwest China as an example, the study investigated the speciation of elements such as uranium (U) and discussed the mobility and release behavior of U from the studied calcareous soils with a technology of Sequential Extraction (SEE) in combination with chemical composition and related parameters of calcareous soils. The main purpose of the study is to improve our understanding on biogeochemical cycling of mineral elements such as U and set a basis for water environmental protection against U pollution from natural sources especially from natural weathering of Urich bedrocks or Urich soils by taking proper measures at a catchment's scale especially for Wujiang River catchments. The investigation results show that the element Mn in the studied calcareous soils is mainly bound in hydroxides of manganese, Ca is mainly bound in carbonate and silicate minerals, P is mainly hosted in silicate minerals and organic matters, U is mainly hosted in residual phases such as silicate minerals, secondly hosted in organic matters and carbonate minerals. The percentage of mobile U in calcareous soils is 10% to 30%, with an average of 17%, indicating that at least part of U in the studied calcareous soils can be released and transferred under certain acidic and oxidationreduction surface conditions, that is, at least part of the U in calcareous soils can be released and transferred into water bodies or absorbed by low to high plants under the above surface conditions. The potential release amount of U in calcareous soils can reach to a value of 036~150 g/t, with an average of 076 g/t, so contribution of U flux in Wujiang River from calcareous soils under the role of accelerating soil erosion and atmospheric acid precipitation in Wujiang River catchments should never be ignored.

Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) involves predicting，evaluating and mitigating the environmental impacts of plans and programs，thereby integrating environmental considerations into strategic decisionmaking.As an environmental appraisal tool，SEA has been more and more widely applied in biodiversity conservation.Current approaches and methodologies of biodiversity impact assessment (BIA) were ineffective，and the assessment results were rather unspecific and incomplete within SEA.In this paper，the limitations of BIA were reviewed and analyzed with specific focuses on four biodiversity levels (landscape，ecosystem，species and gene)，and some evaluating methods were suggested，which was expected to provide the references on the plans and programs，decisionmakers and organizations across a wide range of sectors.For the indices of landscape change measurement were hardly linked with ecological processes on site，it was difficult to predict the biodiversity consequences of landscape changes resulting from developing programs.The key region which was easily reflecting ecological processes (such as biocorridor，protected area，ecotone，“source” and “sink” landscape area) should been focused on landscapelevel impact evaluation.Ecosystem degradation could not be weighed by real value，so the impacts of damaged ecosystem could not be foreseen in accuracy.The assessment of ecosystemlevel impact should provide adequate options to avoid the loss of sensitive and important objectives.In practice，it was impossible to obtain the detailed information in a targeted area for the purpose of BIA，so the specieslevel impact assessment should be addressed through the studies on the key objectives like  protected species，endemic species，economic important species，other genetic resources species，etc.For the phenotype of species could not express the entire genetic traits，it was difficult to measure the impacts on genetic diversity without the experimental data.Currently，the application of genelevel impact assessment was still constrained due to the information gap of gene diversity within populations.

The effects of anoxic sediment condition and light intensity on turion germination and sprout physiology of 〖WTBX〗Potamogeton crispus〖WTBZ〗 L.were studied.The anoxic condition of sediment was simulated by adding sucrose into sediment to stimulate the anaerobic mineralization of organic matters.The results showed that sediment anoxic condition reduced the accumulated turion germination rate of 〖WTBX〗Potamogeton crispus〖WTBZ〗 L.，low light intensity can enhance the inhibitory effect.However，low light intensity was favorable for predating the turion germination.Total chlorophyll (Chlt) and soluble protein(Pr)content of the sprouts increased up to the maximum(mean 250 and 1928mg/g FW) in the 01% addition treatment and then decreased with the increasing sediment anoxia，whereas the free amino acid(FAA) increased with the anxic level(up to 024 mg/g FW in the 10% addition treatment).However，low light intensity reduced the FAA content.The sediment anoxia had no significant effect on soluble carbohydrate(SC) content which whereas decreased with light intensity.The superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity increased with the sediment anoxia(in the control，01% and 05% addition treaments) then decreased down to the minimum in the 10% addition treatment.The peroxidases(POD) activity was kept declining with the anxic level.It was concluded that the turion germination of 〖WTBX〗P.crispus〖WTBZ〗 can be affected significantly by the sediment anoxia and the effects may be more important than that of the low light intensity.Slight sediment anoxia is favorable for physiology of the sprouts，but more severe sediment anoxia press the carbon/nitrogen balance and other physiological activities.Moreover，sediment anoxia and light intensity have significant influences on the antioxidative enzymes of the sprouts.

A study on distribution of soil nutrient on the field scale is important for improving agricultural management，and for assessing effects of agriculture on environmental quality and degrees of the influence of some random factors.However，soil nutrients are highly heterogeneous whether on a large scale or a small scale，and their heterogeneity results from many processes acting and interacting across a continuum of spatial and temporal scales.In this paper，a new method setting suppositional samples over regions with no measured data is presented.According to the high relationship between soil property and other physical factors，the data of suppositional samples could be simulated.Then a geostatistical analysis and spatial interpolation method could be used with the enough samples data.This method doesn’t completely rely on the relationship of soil property and other physical factors，and could be an easy way for soil property interpolation over regions with sparse measured samples.A case study in Pengshui County using geostatistics of ArcGIS shows that (1)Tridimensional characters of soil property is represented reasonably by the spatial prediction model based on geographical factors；(2)the improved method integrating geographical environmental factors and spatial distributions of regional soil properties could get a better result with the least prediction error and more abundant spatial information than the traditional methods.

Based on the daily rainfall data of meteorological stations of Henan Province in the flood seasons (1961~2006)，taking 95 percentiles as threshold value of precipitation events，the time series of frequency of extreme precipitation events in the past forty six years was constructed，the methods of trend analysis，maximum entropy spectrum analysis and other statistical techniques were employed to analyze the characteristics of spatial distribution and interannual variation.The results showed that：totally，the frequency of extreme precipitation events in south area was higher than that of in north area in Henan，and there was a consistency between the proportion of rainfall in flood seasons and the frequency of extreme precipitation events；There were four different patterns of spatial distribution：the type of consistency in provincial range，the type of northwest to southeast，the type of Nanyang Basin and the type of midland；The change tendency was different in different areas in the past fortysix years，the extreme precipitation events tended to be decreasing in the west area and south area，yet there was a increasing trend in north area，east area，middle area and south west area；and the interdecadal change characteristics of frequency oscillation was different respectively，and the cycle of two to eight years and the cycle of ten years were the most common.