At present,various coastal countries and regions are attaching great importance to the marine economy developing.Under this background,researching Shanghai’s development of the oceans and marine economy is meaningful to the building of an “Ocean City” and to the further promoting of the development of the oceans and marine economy in Shanghai.The development of the oceans and marine economy is not only the need of its social economy sustainable development,but also to enhance the international competitiveness of Shanghai and to better serve the Yangtze River Delta region, the Yangtze River Basin, and even the countries’ strategic needs.The importance of Shanghai’s marine economy developing is expressed firstly in this article,and then the main problems in existence of the development are shown as follows:the ocean industrial structure should be optimized and upgraded,land and sea interaction mechanism should be further improved,the serious shortage in the resource development and utilization of estuary island,marine ecological environment protection and sustainable development situation is still grim,a weak independent innovation capability in marine science and technology areas,scientific and technological resources are in urgent need of development and integration.In conclusion,Shanghai’s marine economic development ideas and priorities are put forward in seven aspects as follows: change thinking and foster strategic awareness of the oceanoriented strength of the city,overall planning and focused distribution,industrial upgrading and structural optimization,emphasizing on the innovation,strengthen the land economy rapidly,and pay attention to the ecological protection and sustainable development of the ocean.

Changjiang economic zone,which takes Shanghai as the head,possesses an important status and function in the social economy developmental strategy of our country.Based on the statistical data of the China city statistics yearbook 2006,this article analyzes quantitatively the economic linkage between Shanghai and Changjiang economic zone from three aspects:the linkage node,the channel and the action,finally it indicates that:(1) the space rank of key city distribution of Changjiang economic zone is uneven,presents “one pole,multiplecenter group” as well as along railroad line distribution space pattern,basically reflects the present economy development imbalanced situation of Changjiang economic zone;(2) the accessibility between Shanghai and the cities in the Yangtze River delta is good,but the accessibility between Shanghai and the cities in the midwest China needs further improvement,passenger and freight flow concentrate between Shanghai and level 2,level 3 key cities;(3) economic linkage weakens while space length increases,the cities which have close economic linkage with Shanghai mainly concentrate on the areas along the railroads of NanjingShanghai,HangzhouShanghai and HangzhouNingbo,the economic linkage between Shanghai and the midwest China is very weak.Finally,to strengthen economic linkage between Shanghai and Changjiang economic zone,this article puts forward several proposals.

Crop management practices，such as fertilization and straw returning，have great impact on weed community.However，little is known about the effects of longterm fertilization and straw returning on weed community.In this study，we investigated the characteristics of spring weed community in ricerape seed cropping system with different longterm crop management regimes in 2007 (the site located in Wujiang County，Jiangsu Province，and the experiments started in 1987).There were significant differences in spring weed community composition among different management patterns.Low biodiversity and total biomass of spring weed existed in the plots with longterm chemicalorganic fertilizer (chemical fertilizer plus pig manure and straw returning).Longterm nonnitrogen fertilization significantly increased the total density of spring weed which was up to 1 810 ind./m2.In addition，〖WTBX〗carolina cranesbill〖WTBZ〗 gradually became the dominant weed in the nonfertilization plots，its relative density reached at 87.9%；〖WTBX〗Alopecurus aequalis〖WTBZ〗 S.gradually became the dominant weed in cropstrawreturningin autumnandsummer (chemical fertilizer plus rice and rape straw returning) plots，the relative density reached at 69.7%.Straw returning in autumn decreased the total biomass of spring weed，but increased weed biodiversity.Spring weed community could be controlled through adjusting the regimes of fertilization and straw returning in ricerape seed cropping systems.

 The wetland possesses very important environmental function and ecological benefits. Study on the Wetland Nature Reserve along the Yangtze River in Anqing has become a focus of academic community for its well nature.Based on the two phases of Landsat TM images in 1988 and 2006,the landscape patch data of the Wetland Nature Reserve along the Yangtze River in Anqing city was acquired by using the tools of remote sensing and geographical information system.Then it analyzed and explored the dynamic changes of the wetland landscape pattern during the last twenty years with FRAGSTATS software.The results showed that the lake wetland and swamp wetland were the two main landscape types along the Yangtze River in Anqing.The total area of the wetland landscape shrank obviously from 1988 to 2006.The dynamic changes among the different wetland types were very significant.Among all the types of the landscape,the shrinkage of lake wetland was the most outstanding.The degree of the wetland landscape fragmentation was aggravated in the spatial distribution,and the shape of the landscape patch boundary in the study area gradually changed integration,their degree of complexity and abnormity declined.The structure and amount of the landscape types tended towards equilibrium,and the connection degree among different landscape patches showed a decrease tendency.Furthermore,the study found the main driven forces of wetland landscape pattern changes included overpopulation,agriculture development,the government policies,the environmental protection consciousness of the wetland district peasants,and so on.

By meteorological detection net of Global Positioning System(GPS)set up in 2006 year in Hubei Province,the paper makes detection to precipitable water vapor(〖WTBX〗PWV〖WTBZ〗)during meiyu period of 2007 year,and indicates that 〖WTBX〗PWV〖WTBZ〗 detected by GPS and that calculated by radiosonde data has high consistency.By means of analysis of time series of GPS data in multistation,the paper posts change characteristic of three phases of 〖WTBX〗PWV〖WTBZ〗 during meiyu period.Before the meiyu period comes,〖WTBX〗PWV〖WTBZ〗 has a rapid rise.The length,extent and magnitude of rapid rise reflect accumulation of water vapor,it has better corresponding relationship with precipitation process during meiyu period;during meiyu period,the process that rapid rise of 〖WTBX〗PWV〖WTBZ〗 reaches the peak has concomitant obvious precipitation,after entering high fluctuation phase,the precipitation holds on,in the course of 〖WTBX〗PWV〖WTBZ〗 descends,the precipitation steps down,up to stop.In the phase,the fluctuation of time series of 〖WTBX〗PWV〖WTBZ〗 and spatial distribution have better corresponding relationship with shortterm change of precipitation during meiyu preiod;reposefully diminishing of change amplitude and average magnitude of 〖WTBX〗PWV〖WTBZ〗 reflects that the meiyu period is about to end.

In the thesis,the region of Longnan in Gansu province has been taken as a case for the regionalization of potential land use to provide reference for the improvement of regional sustainable development competence.With the methods of AHP and GIS spatial analysis,the influence factors of terrain,distributing of population,condition of location,base of economy and frequency of earthquake were taken into account,and the natural conditions as well as the socialeconomic structure were rescanned to come to the conclusion that there are large regional differences in potential land use in the region of Longnan.The feasible development area,moderate development area and limitary development area distribute respectively in the northeast,the northwest,and the south as well as the northwest part of the region,accounting for 1727%,4441%,3831%,respectively,and the regionalization of potential land use is a useful path to provide the scientific groundwork and guide of land exploitation and protection,i e.,some areas shine in exploitation of development while others may need ecological conservation and industry.

With the rapid development of economy，the conflict between landuse and ecology environment tends to be more and more intense.In this paper，environment quality of “Chongqing one hour economic circle” was given detailed evaluation in quantitative way with AHP and PSR in 2000 and 2006.Study results show that as a whole，some districts in the West Chongqing region such as Tongnan，Tongliang，Dazu，Bishan，Yongchuan and Rongchang were in a lower level of ecological environment，but the district of Fuling was in a high level.It shows that within two years，areas that were ranked as excellent and good accounted for 6256% and 6096% respectively.From 2000 to 2006，the overall quality of the ecological environment of the area was clearly declining，significant deterioration area ratio reached 3171%，and ratio of regional area converted into significant good was only 524%.The ratio of dropped ecological environment quality in research regional area reached 5972% and the region area of increased ecological environment quality was only 2702%.Regional changes in the quality of the ecological environment had obvious spatial difference.Most significant deterioration of regional distributed in the large parts of the capital city and the southwest of Chongqing where belongs to regional of ChengYu Traffic Route.

Because of the solubility of carbonate rock,the instability of karst soil and the vulnerability of karst vegetations,the risk of water and soil loss is bigger in carbonate rock areas than in noncarbonate rock areas.The effects of lithology to sensitivity of water and soil loss are stronger in carbonate rock areas than noncarbonate rock areas.This paper is the basic study of ecological function division.To these facts and the ecological characters of karst area,considering the difference of lithology as the dominant factor,the accountable factors were identified as the assessment indices respectively in carbonate rock areas and noncarbonate rock areas,and the possibly sensitivity degree and distribution law of water and soil loss were analyzed based GIS technology.The results showed that the sensitivity assessment of water and soil loss sensitivity in northwest of Guangxi could reflect the fact on the whole.The areas percentage of water and soil loss sensitivity was above 99%,and there is a visible higher sensitivity degree in karst areas than in nonkarst areas.To the whole region,the integrated sensitivity degree of water and soil loss was higher,and the area percentage of intense and extreme reached 31% and 237%,respectively.These area mainly distributed in Duan and Dahua in the south of Hechi region and karst mountain area in the middle and north of Hechi region.To different sensitivity degree,water and soil loss types and distribution characteristics,this paper put forward relevant measures of developmentmanagement,in order to provide references of ecosystem restoration and sustaining development in the karst regions.

Mastering alteration tendency of agricultural nonpoint source pollution and their impacts on China's economic development at this stage is the base to make sustainable agricultural development policy.This paper studied relationships of Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) between economic development and agricultural nonpoint source pollution by using panel datum model including 31 provinces in China from 1998 to 2006.We selected input densities of fertilizer and pesticides,livestock and poultry excrement density as a measurement of agricultural pollution emissions,and the per capita GDP was selected as a measurement of economic development.The result showed that an inverse“U”type relationship appeared between China's agricultural nonpoint sources pollution and economic growth.Three types of sources of pollution and per capita GDP are increasing at all studied stages and it needs more time to reach the “Turning Point”.The government should strengthen the agricultural environmental policy,and intensify the agricultural nonpoint source pollution control.

Environmental impacts of the overall planning of land uses include elemental impacts in the traditional environmental impact assessment and impacts in regional humanenvironmental system.Environmental impacts resulted from the rigid programs and elastic programs of the overall planning of land uses appear as in different ways.This difference makes the environmental impact assessment of the overall planning of land uses very complex.Whereas the particularity of the overall planning of land uses as the assessment object of environmental impact,the method of environmental impact analysis and ecological satisfaction appraisal for the overall planning of land uses was developed in this paper.With identification of environmental impact for land use planning,the environmental influences from the change of land use types after the enforcement of land use planning were discussed.According to the overall planning of land uses in the Xiantao City of Hubei Province,China,the pollution sources were identified.The surface analysis and spatial statistical disposition were performed with the support of software MAPGIS,the changes of main environmental indices were predicted.By the changes of ecological indices,the ecological satisfaction was assessed.The results show that the predicted ecological satisfaction is 7485 in the planning region,and ecological environment is satisfactory in general.But the water pollution is relative hard,and the controlling of water pollution should be strengthened.The harmless treatment of solid waste should also be emphasized.There are many uncertainties in environmental impact assessment for the overall planning of land uses,the selection of assessment indices should follow the planning contents and the regional differences to construct the index system of ecological satisfaction appraise.