With the support〖JP2〗 of GIS and taking 137 towns and street communities〖JP〗 in Nanjing as basic assessment units,this paper studied on the research thought and method as well as the index system establishment of population development function division on the scale of city from human settlement environment constraints and suitability. Firstly,it pointed out that areas with good human settlement environment suitability,high load of resources and 〖JP2〗environment capacity and strong ability to develop society and economy should accelerate〖JP〗 population agglomeration,while areas with high human settlement environment constraints,limited load of resources and environment capacity and fragile ecological environment ought to limit the population expansion and shoulder the function of agricultural production and ecological service,so as to coordinate the relation of resources,environment,society,economy and population development.Secondly,according to two dimensional discrimination matrix,it divided Nanjing City into five different types of areas,namely population agglomerated area,population stable area,population cultivating area,population evacuated area and population prohibited area.Finally,this paper put forward relevant safeguard measures as the guide for rational population distribution in cities.

The suburbanization is the necessary stage of city development,and the institutions transition and economics transition is the deepseated background of suburbanization in China.The triple process of decentralization,marketization,and globalization has fundamentally restructured the orthodox Chinese socialist state,and introduced intense competitive environment.China’s local government becomes one of the most competitive governments in the world. In this condition,urban space has now become a strategic resource,a citymanaging tool and a means of expressing local government achievements.The paper took Nanjing as a demonstration and focused on the suburbanization of the manufacturing industry.Firstly,the spatial pattern of the manufacturing industry aggregation and proliferation and the suburbanization extent in Nanjing were analyzed.Then a theoretical framework of the manufacturing industry suburbanization was established. Finally,a sort of factors was identified using the Poisson model.The study found that the suburbanization had taken place from the end of 1990,and some periurban areas were the main areas where the enterprises reagglomerate.The results also validate the hypothesis that government planning and management aiming at optimizing urban spatial structure,marketizatkion of land, improvement of the means of transportation in the suburban and the establishment of the development zone are the important driving forces.

The Major Function Oriented Zoning is completely different from any other regionalization,which has been in full swing as an important strategic task in the provinces,but the empirical research of  typical county are relatively lacking.This study took the area in Wuwei and Hexian as a case along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province,regarded the villages and towns as basic evaluation units which was evaluated by analyzing the elements of regional nature,resources,ecology and economy based on the GIS platform.The region is divided into five parts which includes preferential development area,feasible development area,moderate conservation area,leading exploiting area and forbidｄing exploiting area through the method of mutexsimilar matrix classification with ecoenvironmental restriction system and support system.Finally,the axis of regional development and ecological protection are determined and the spatial development pattern is proposed according to the types of the Function Oriented Zoning in the counties.

Since 2003 year,low water level has hold very long times in Poyang Lake during the dry season.The water supply,the irrigation,and shipping are influenced seriously and the water environment,the wetland ecosystem and habitats of the migratory birds are also damaged.In order to solve dry up problem and improve the water environment in Poyang Lake,the basic principles were advanced based on the Ecosystem Approach.These principles include:(1) to regulate the withered water level but not control floods；(2) to benefit both the Yangtze River and Poyang Lake；(3) to keep friend with the ecosystem；(4) to increase the advantages and to reduce the harm；(5) adaptable management.Then the site,size and the operation rules of the Water Level Regulation Project during the dry season were suggested.As taking the ecosystem and environment protection as the main goal,the project may achieve a lot of benefits that include improving the water environment,to protecting wetland ecosystem in Poyang Lake and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,and promoting the development of the society and the economic in region of  Poyang Lake.

Actual evapotranspiration of watershed is an important part of hydrological circle and water balance,and it is significant to analyze the actual evapotranspiration of Poyang Lake watershed to research its water resources.In this paper,complementary relationship evapotranspiration model was selected to estimate the actual evapotranspiration of 9 meteorological stations from 1955 to 2001.For studying the seasonal variation of the watershed evapotranspiration,statistical method was adopted.The results show that the annual actual evapotranspiration presents singlepeaked pattern and its peak value occurs in July;the evapotranspiration in summer is larger than that in spring and autumn,and it is the smallest in winter.For analyzing the longterm trend of 9 stations Db3 function of wavelet method was selected,and the results indicate that the evapotranspiration in the area declines during the studying period. It turns to descend at about 1998,and the rate becomes very slow thereafter.After comparison among precipitation,potential evapotranspiration and meteorological elements (net solar radiation,temperature,vapor pressure difference and wind velocity) in Poyang Lake watershed during the same period,it is inferred that the change of actual evapotranspiration is a result of multiple factors,among which the net solar radiation and wind velocity are the main factors.

The Yangtze Estuary is the most important drinking water source in Shanghai.However,the water source protection zone has not been delineated.At present,the domestic delineation methods of source protection zones have some disadvantages such as less scientific and less applicable,when it is used for source reservoir in tidal estuary.In this paper,reviews on the delineation methods of source protection zones were made.The characteristics of tidal estuary such as toandfor flow,susceptibility the accidental spillage,the demand of water purification and prevention from the risk for accident spill were analyzed.Then the principle of taking full use of the selfpurify capacity and the method of pollutant maximum travel distance were provided in the delineation of source protection zones.Taking ammonia as the control factor,the protection zone I of Qingcaosha Reservior could take the role of selfpurification for protection zone Ⅱ.Taking the seasonal wind into account,the flow velocities of the water intake at 99% probability were used to calculate the maximum travel distance, which were used to define the upstream,downstream and transverse boundary of the protection zone Ⅱ.This method was used to delineate Qingcaosha source protection zone in the Yangtze estuary,and the results shows it is a simple and reliable method with a clear concept.

According to the spectrum analysis and background information on the reflect characteristics of coastal wetland region,this paper firstly used the CIWI water index on the Coastal wetlands' TM Images,and compared with the main methods of extracting water information,especially the extensive application waters indices:NDWI,MNDWI.It was proved that CIWI has the higher extracting level of difference between water,vegetation and town than NDWI and MNDWI.The data of the difference level were 505%(water & vegetation),292%(water & town)  and 267%( vegetation & town).CIWI water index is an accurate and fast method to extracting the coastal wetland water information in the research area of Yancheng city,Jiangsu Province.The precision achieved 949%.

Future climate changes and its influences on water resources in Hanjiang River basin concerns the exploitation and benefit of both SouthtoNorth water diversion and Han River project.Therefore, it is very important to analyze the characteristics of water resources in response to climate changes for providing scientific foundation to ground water diversion,exploiting water resources in the air,dealing adverse effect of climate changes and protecting the water sources areas in middle line of SouthtoNorth water diversion.Years 1971～2000 were set as the base period,and monthly runoffs were simulated using SWAT in the base period in Hanjiang River basin.Based on the accurate runoff simulation of the base period,the authors simulated each possible water resources situation under 25 climatechange scenarios according to the most possible climate change predictions in Hanjiang River basin.Change rates of water resources under 25 climatechange scenarios were obtained,and then hydrological responses of Hanjiang River basin to possible climate changes were studied.The result shows:the precision of SWAT simulation is higher than the criterion(〖WTBX〗Ens>05，r2>06〖WTBZ〗)after the calibration, and SWAT is applicable to simulate the runoff in Hanjiang River basin;under the 25 different climatechange scenarios,runoff changes are more obvious than evapotranspiration;surface runoff and base flow would be more sensitive to variations in precipitation than to variations in air temperature;evapotranspiration would be more sensitive to variations in air temperature than to variations in precipitation;when precipitation increases or air temperature decreases,the runoff would increase;when precipitation increases or air temperature increases,the evapotranspiration would increases.

Based on the relative humidity and visibility data of the surface observation station from 1955 to 2007 and the temperature data of aerological sounding at 8：00 from 2001 to 2007，all records of haze weather were rectified and climatic characteristics of haze were analyzed.The relation between haze and meteorological factors(surface wind direction and velocity，surface pressure，surface temperature，continuous rainless days and aerological inversion layer and isothermal layer，etc.)was also analyzed .The results show that：（1）haze days significantly rose from 1975 and the sum total of annual haze days was 125d or more since 1980s；（2）haze weather was more likely to occur in winter and early spring，especially in January and December，in which half month was not free from haze weather；（3）haze weather was less likely to occur from May to September because of rain；（4）meteorological factors，such as the decrease of surface pressure and the increase of surface temperature，were favorable for the occurrence of haze；（5）if continuous rainless days occurred more in certain month，accordingly，haze days also occurred more in this period；（6）what makes haze days more frequent in recent years is not only the fact that the rapid development of city industry and the reckless destruction of vegetation cause more air pollution，but also that the climatic features of low surface wind velocity，aerological inversion layer and isothermal layer often existing in Yichang are obvious，and that many chemical plants place in the direction of prevailing wind.

This paper explored the urban temperature variation in Nanjing City of southern China in past 55 years.The observed meteorological data during 1951 to 2005,including average mean temperature,maximum temperature,and minimum temperature in annual,seasonal and daily time scales,have been used to study the characteristics of temperature changes in different time scales in Nanjing City.The linear statistical method was used to analyze the temperature change trend by the time scale.The results show that,the temperature increased with years,but diurnal temperature range (DTR) decreased with years.And the average maximum annual temperature increased more quickly than the average minimum annual temperature.The year of 1992 could be a turning point of coldwarm period in Nanjing City in recent 55 years.The temperature of four seasons mostly increased,the linear trend of average temperature increased at 0.33 ℃/10a in the spring,0.05 ℃/10a in the summer,0.18℃/10a in the autumn,and 0.27 ℃/10a in the winter,respectively.The increase amplitude of temperature was highest in spring and lowest in summer.The average maximum and minimum temperature of four reasons also increased mostly,while the average maximum temperature of summer decreased.Therefore,the temperature generally increased in Nanjing city in recent 55 years,however,the summer showed the trend of becoming cool.The DTR increased in spring and decreased in the other season.The trends of daily average temperature changes in extreme years were basically consistent,while the the change of DTR were different in 1955 and 2005.

In order to provide scientific basis for the exploitation of Huashanguan wind farm,its wind resource was analyzed and estimated.In this paper the wind energy indices were calculated,such as average wind speed,wind speed frequency,wind direction frequency,wind energy of each direction,wind power density and hours of effective wind speed,using the wind data of 40m observation tower in Huashanguan wind farm from April 2005 to March 2008.According to the Assessment Methods on Wind Energy Resource of Wind Farm >(GB / T 18710-2002),the wind energy resource in wind farm was assessed with the grading standard for wind power density.Based on historical and contemporaneous observing data of Zhongxiang meteorological station nearest to the wind farm,the background of observing wind was analyzed during wind observation.It showed that the annual average wind speed of each height at the wind farm was between 55 and 57m/s,and the annual average wind power density was between 190 and 205 W/m2 and that the percentage of annual effective wind speed was between 808% and 823%.The dominant wind direction at Huashanguan is completely opposite with the secondary wind direction,and the total frequencies in both directions at different height was between 449% and 505%.The distribution of wind power at each direction was more concentrated than the wind direction frequency,and the energy of dominant wind direction at different heights was accounted between 478% and 606%.The wind power density at different heights was between the second and third level,which is certainly valuable in the development and utilization.Observing wind at Huashanguan wind farm was under the climate background,which the annual average wind speed was less than the mean wind speed over years.

Wasteland is a special type of reserved land resources in out country.Control，redevelopment and utilization of the wasteland are important to the land use sustainable development.At present，many cases of the landscape renewal of the wasteland are reported in China，however，the systematic and deep research on the definition and classification of wasteland is rare.In order to promote the study of the wasteland，the concept of wasteland and discriminant model were put forward based on the origin and development of wasteland both at home and abroad，and on the characteristics of socialeconomic development of our country at nowadays.The wasteland was systematically classified by the standard of land assort with 4 different aspects.The formation cause of different types of wasteland was elaborated systematically from two sides.Considering the effective control and further development of wasteland in our country，some suggestions such as to establish and improve the regulatory agencies，to improve policies and regulations，to strengthen basic research and to promote the further development and reutilization of wasteland were put fbrward according to its evolution characteristic at present.

Land degradation has been quickly expanding in Hechi Region of northwestern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and results in the decreases of farmland and the limitation of agricultural development.Based on the Landsat TM remote sensing images and DEM data，and combined with socioeconomic statistical data，spatialtemporal analysis and logistic regression model were employed to quantify the spatial and temporal changes of farmland and study its driving mechanism from 1952 to 2006 in 11 counties of Hechi，northwestern Guangxi.The spatial analysis indicated that the changes of total farmland areas had experienced four stages from 1952 to 2006：Rapid increase，fluctuant change，rapid decrease，and slow decrease.The spatial change rates were unbalanced as the farmland of the west part sharply decreased in latest 20 years，which was due to the dominant driving forces of policy effects.According to the results of Logistic regression，we extracted 7 explanatory variables associated with effects on the farmland distribution.The logistic regression models analysis of driving mechanism showed that altitude and population distribution were the most important driving forces，and then followed by slopeⅠ (0~5°)，GDP，distance to main roads，distance to main towns.The explanatory variable of main driving force and the sensitivity of explanatory variable to farmland distribution probability were different from each county.The altitude，slopeⅠ(0~5°)，and GDP were more sensitive to farmland distribution probability than the other explanatory variables.The spatial distribution probability of farmland in eastern part was greater than that in other parts of Hechi Region.

The term“virtual arable land”is used to describe the area of arable land embodied in crops that are traded internationally.Taking the virtual arable land strategy in the international agricultural products trade is useful for nation to balance domestic arable land deficit，solve food security problem and give full play to comparative advantage of agricultural products.This paper introduced the method to quantify the virtual arable land at first，and then applied the method computing the virtual arable land hidden in the Chinese import and export of agricultural products.The result showed the whole country exported 1 899 083.9 hm2 and imported 1 850 1986.4 hm² virtual arable land by the international agricultural product trade in 2006.The net import virtual arable land reached at 16 602 903.1 hm²，and it occupied the 12.77% of the whole nation’s farmland.The result also showed that the net import virtual land in the last decade conform to Logistic curve equation.Based on this equation，the import amount of virtual arable land in the next years will exhibit highgrowing state.

he amount of river sediment load represents an important measure of soil erosion in the context of human activities.Seven factors were selected to indicate the human activities that have significant impacts on the sediment load in the Jialing River Basin.The results from the path analysis by the software SPSS 150 showed that the sequences of the general human effects were as follows：reservoir construction，rural labor transfer，cumulative erosion control area，forest cover，rural electropower consumption，road length，and ratio of slope land to cultivated land.The sequences of the direct impacts were reservoir construction，rural labor transfer，cumulative erosion control area，rural electropower consumption，ratio of slope land to cultivated land，road length and forest cover.And the indirect impacts were followed the order：forest cover，road length，rural electropower consumption，cumulative erosion control area，ratio of slope land to cultivated land，rural labor transfer and reservoir construction.

In order to illustrate the community structure of phytoplankton assemblage of the Yangtze River Estuary and its adjacent waters (30.5° ~ 32.5°N，121.0° ~ 123.5°E) in autumn 2005，besides clarifying its relationship with the nutrient pulsing of the Yangtze River.Phytoplankton samples were analyzed by using Utermhl method and their relationship with the environmental factors were further discussed meanwhile.After a total of 95 phytoplankton species were identified including species variation results were obtained.Diatom was the major phytoplankton group in survey area and accounted for 93.1% in total abundance.Most of the phytoplankton ecotypes were temperate coastal species and few were warm and oceanic species.Dominant species were Skeletonema costatum，Paralia sulcata，Coscinodiscus spp.，〖WTBX〗Thalassionema nitzschioides and Thalassiosira rotula.Averaging phytoplankton abundance was 2.04 cells/mL with the maximum appeared in the southern part of the Yangtze River mouth.The distribution of Margalef，ShannonWiener and Pielou′ indexes indicated that relative high phytoplankton diversity and evenness appeared in the offshore pelagic water area.Pearson correlation showed that seawater temperature and nitrate content were the main environmental factors that controlling the phytoplankton distribution pattern in autumn.Dominant species S.costatum was negatively correlated with the temperature and positively correlated with the nitrate.

By using fuzzy mathematics method，the geochemical assessment on environmental quality of air dust near ground in Chengdu economic region was performed according to indexweight determination of element toxicity.The result shows that for cities，the atmospheric environment qualities（AEQ） of cities including Chengdu，Leshan，Meishan are fine，belonging to the first order of clean level；AEQ of Meishan and Yaan fall in the second order of safety level；AEQ of Deyang belongs to the third order of alarm level，which should be paid more attention to.As for districts，the AEQ of Mianyang and Meishan are fine，belonging to the first order of clean level；Deyang and Yaan fall in the second order of safety level；Chengdu and Leshan belong to the third order of alarm level.

From the viewpoint of complex ecosystem，an assessment index system of urban ecosystem health was constracted，and an attribute synthetic assessment model was established based on the attribute hierarchyrecognize model. Taking the Nan′an District of Chongqing as an example，we use the models and methods to make evaluation for urban ecosystem in the Nan′an District of Chongqing. The results show that the current situation of the ecosystem in the Nan′an District of Chongqing belongs to subhealth. In accordance with the results of the evaluation，it analyzes the health evaluation attribute index of the Nan′an District of Chongqing. It shows that the Nan′an ecosystem is in transition phase with a number of limiting factors of health. In order to guide a healthy urban ecosystem development，it must rely on scientific and rational method of planning and implementation. From a longterm consideration，in order to improve the urban ecosystem health，corresponding control measures and methods were put forward.

The characteristics of composition and accumulation of natural plant was investigated in Dangping nationalized wolfram mine tailing wasteland areas of Dayu County，and the purpose of study was to provide some scientific foundations for revegetation and phytoremediation of heavymetalspolluted soil for mine area in future.The result showed that there were 20 species of natural colonized plants on wolfram mine tailing yard，subordinated to 20 genera and 15 families，and 6 wood species and 14 herb species among them.The natural plants did not grow well and mainly distributed on sandsoil region of humidity or water.Concentrations of heavy metals followed the order Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd of the same plant in tailing wasteland areas.Hyperaccumulators did not be found，and most of plants were tolerant plant of Cu，Pb，Zn and Cd in tailing wasteland areas.Cd contamination of soil was serious in Dangping nationalized wolfram mine tailing wasteland areas.〖WTBX〗Equisetum hiemale〖WTBZ〗 and 〖WTBX〗Pteris vittata〖WTBZ〗 were repellence plant of Cd，which could be used of the pioneer plants of revegetation for soil by Cd contamination.〖WTBX〗Chenopodium ambrosioides〖WTBZ〗 and 〖WTBX〗Cyperus rotundus〖WTBZ〗 were Cd accumulation plant，which could be used of the phytoremediation for soil by Cd contamination.The other plants were repellent plant of Cd，which could be used of the phytostabilization for soil by Cd contamination.