This paper explored some key techniques in gridding land management.It put forward schemes of grid division and encoding based on the conception of gridding management on land,and summarized some practical division methods of land grid in the case study of Jiading district in Shanghai City.The study compared the grid division differences between urban management and landuse management.Also,it built an overall frame of the gridding land management information platform and considered 3S technology,component technology,middleware technology and geocoding technology as the key technology to built the gridding land management information system.Such key technology could perfect the technological method in the new pattern of land management.
 

This paper studied the changes of land use and analyzed the economic data in the coastal zone of Jiangsu Prorince in the past 13 years.The results showed that the coastal zone of Lianyungang was mainly constructed with farmland，other builtup area and rural residential area，which accounted for 81%，and had a high development degree.The number of patches increased year by year，and landscape fragmentation augmented.The coastal zone of Yancheng was principally composed of farmland，grassland and other builtup area，which occupied 7745%，and had a moderate development degree.The habitats which were suitable for biodiversity conservation are reducing，with the area of artificial landscape increasing，such as farmland and reservoir and pond.The coastal zone of Nantong was consisted of farmland and tidal flat，which occupied 8893% and having area reduction，and the area of artificial landscape increased.The pressure of population growth，the orientation of government policy and the drive of social economy are the main driving forces on the landscape pattern change in the coastal zone of three coastal cities of Jiangsu.In the coastal zone of Lianyungang population density increased by 138%，secondary industry output value increased by 77 times.And the coastal zone had significant fragmentation due to the disturbance of human activities.Per capita GDP in the coastal zone of Yancheng increased by 4 times.Driven by economic interests，Yancheng lost large areas of grassland.And the coastal zone suffered further destruction.In the coastal zone of Nantong population density decreased by 20%，and per capita GDP increased by 53 times.The main development of tertiary industry had less interference on the coastal zone，so there was a relatively low degree of landscape fragmentation to the zone.〖

Based on the WESTDC_Land_Cover_Products 20 dataset which was reclassified as cropland,forestland,grassland,water,urban & rural builtup land and other unused land in terms of CAS resource and environment classification system,the land use quantitative structure and its spatial autocorrelation characteristic in the Yangtze River Basin were studied using 〖JP2〗GIS technique.The results showed that forestland〖JP〗,grassland and cropland were the dominating land use types which accounted for more than 90 percent of the basin’s total area,while the area of water,urban & rural builtup land and other unused land were 〖JP2〗extremely small.Different provinces and municipalities in the basin shared sharply different land use structures〖JP〗 which could be divided into four zones in connection with a certain land use spatial pattern.The provinces and municipalities with similar occupancy rate concerning all kinds of land use types globally clustered and adjoined in the basin,spatially autocorrelating significantly.But distribution centroid,pattern,spatial autocorrelation structure and regression characteristic 〖JP2〗were different in different land use types.Local spatial〖JP〗 autocorrelation for spatial distribution about all land use types in the basin resulted from HH clustering or LL 〖JP〗clustering,whereas spatial outlier was negligible.As a whole,the research demonstrated that the spatial distribution of all land use types were distinctly of attributes of spatial clustering and regionality in the basin.〖

The Yangtze River Delta region is the research object in this paper.According to the meaning and characteristics of urban and rural harmony,comprehensive evaluation index system of urban and rural harmonious development level was built.Applying global principal component analysis,the degree of urban and rural harmony in 2000 and 2008 was calculated,and the factors related to the urban and rural harmonious development level in the cities within urban agglomeration were analyzed.The results show that:①there is significant level differentiation of urban and rural harmony in the cities,and from 2000 to 2008 the overall gap was enlarged slightly,and in some areas it has been changed; ②from the outskirts to the center of the urban agglomeration,the urban and rural harmony level is gradually increased; ③the four main factors affecting the urban and rural harmonious development level in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration are urbanization,export oriented economy,income level and communication factor between urban and rural areas. Finally, some suggestions related to the urban and rural harmonious development in the Yangtze River delta urban agglomeration were put forward.

Based on multitemporal Landsat TM and ETM satellite images，with the help of GIS software，the article extracted the construction land information of Taizhou City and analyzed the expansion and evolution law of construction land by using expansion index and spatial autocorrelation index during the years from 1988 to 2008.The results show the expansion of construction land in Taizhou has experienced three stages from slow increase，then a rapid rise to a sharp decline.It indicates that the expansion of construction land towards the trend of intensive utilization gradually.By analysing the process of construction land expansion，based on the different features of the various stages of construction land expansion，the article found that the expansion model was changing from point of expansion to interaxis of expansion and the emergence of network expansion clues.By spatial autocorrelation analysis of the expansion of hot spots，it found that expansion of hot spots showed the characteristics of migration，and that hot zones and cold zones changed mutually.Moran scatterplot reflects that the construction land expansion is on the state of space polarization，and that center towns of city prompt the expansion of peripheral towns.〖

A reasonable agricultural structure has a better effect on the efficiency and overall function of the agricultural system,thus how to distribute the arable land has become a hot research for scholars.The trend of arable land resource was simulated by a system dynamics model in this paper.Then,taking economic benefit,ecological benefit and food security into consideration,we used a multiobjective optimization model to study the optimal allocation of arable land of Changsha in 2010.Results showed that agricultural efficiency and farmers' income could be improved effectively through optimal allocation for the arable land.The proportion of vegetable area had increased 384% to 2196% and the total area of crop had fallen by 212%.Meanwhile,economic benefit and ecological benefit had increased 993% and 203%,respectively,after optimization.〖

Migration in the ThreeGorge area and the urban (town) relocation changed the ThreeGorge reservoir area a lot in the economic,cultural,ecological,habitat patterns,etc.In the process of the urban (town) relocation,the intensive uses of rural collective construction land are facing enormous challenges,particularly in ecological environment,socioeconomic development,migrants right pretection.For this reason,this paper selected Kaixian,Zhongxian,Yunyang,Fengjie,Wushan as a research area which located in the center of the ThreeGorge reservoir area.The methods which we used during the investigation were questionnaire survey,expert consultation,literature,etc.439 copies of the questionnaire survey show that the intensive uses of rural collective land had some outstanding achievements,such as construction of policy consensus,management systems and innovative mechanisms.At the same time,property management vague,weak planning and management,frequent illegal transfer also increased the difficulty in the intensive use of rural collective construction land.In order to solve these problems,this paper proposed that the rural collective construction land property rights must be improved and the coordinating urban and rural construction landuse planning and management countermeasures should be put forward

Based on daily precipitation data of 55 meteorological stations in the central region of China in 1960~2005,method of trend analysis,spatial interpolation,wavelet analysis and mutation testing were used to obtain the temporal and spatial changes characteristics of precipitation.The results showed that:(1) the trend of annual precipitation is increasing at a climatic tendency of 18.6 mm/10 a,but the increasing trends of most sites are not significant;(2) there is no significant upward trend for annual precipitation days,and the increase rate is 0.57 d/10 a;(3) the increased rate of annual days of moderate rain,heavy rain and rainstorm are 0.39,0.22 and 0.093 d/10 a respectively,and the number of sites is shrinking when the rainfall level improved;(4) precipitations in spring and autumn were decreasing in most of the areas,while precipitations in summer and winter were increasing,and the same as the precipitation days;(5) the oscillation periods of precipitation for year and seasons are not consistent,the annual and winter precipitation had abrupt change in 1989 and 1982 respectively,however the days of precipitation in summer and winter changed significantly in 1981 and 1969 respectively,all of which passed the reliability testing by 0.05.〖

Based on the various climate factor data from 17 meteorological stations during 1961~2008，characteristics of climate change in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area were analyzed,and climate effects after water storage were discussed.The results showed that in recent 48 years annual mean temperature increased,and the increase mainly started from 1990 s.Mean winter temperature increased significantly.From the annual mean maximum/minimum temperature,autumn mean maximum temperature increased obviously.Annual,autumn and winter mean minimum temperature increased sharply.The change trend of annual rainfall was not obvious and autumn rainfall decreased sharply.Annual,winter and summer sunlight decreased obviously,and annual,winter and summer mean relative humidity increased evidently.Annual and seasonal mean wind speeds decreased markedly.Annual rain days,moderate rain days and light rain days decreased, but the trend was not obvious.Heavy rain days and hard rain days had no obvious trend.High temperature days had no obvious trend,but increased in the period of 2001~2008 years,especially for 2006.After water storage,the rainfall in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area seems to have no obvious change.The expanding water surface area of reservoir seems to have increasing temperature effect in winter and decreasing effect in summer.〖

Based on the homogeneity test，according to the surface temperature data of 42 weather stations in Hena，Hubei and Hunan from 1961 to 2005，the time and space evolution characteristics of the surface temperature since 1961 were analyzed.The results show that the regional annual average temperature has a rising trend in the past 50 a，which increased 054℃ from 1961 to 2005，and the increase rate is 012℃/10 a.Except that the summer temperatures have a slight downward trend(the cooling rate is 0112℃/10 a)，the temperatures in winter，spring and autumn have rising trend in different degree，0286 ℃/10 a in winter，0188℃/10 a in spring，and 0131℃/10 a in autumn.The mostly rising period of annual average temperature and the average temperature in winter is since the mid80s of the last century，in spring is from 1990 to 2005，and in autumn is from 1970 to 2005.Though the summer average temperature shows a downward trend as a whole，it has a weak upward trend since 1985.The space distribution character of the annual average temperature rising is that the most obvious rising region is the central region，the second is the south and north and it is unobvious in the west，which has a downward trend.Overall，the most rising rate of the annual average temperature is in Hubei，which is 015 ℃/10 a，the second is in Henan，which is 0111℃/10 a；and the least is in Hunan，which is 0105℃/10 a.Cycle analysis shows that the regional annual average temperature has a 〖JP2〗significant cycle of about 4 yeas in the period between 1990 and 2000.Mutation test shows that the average annual temperature has a obvious mutation from the cold to warm around 1994.

Using the monthly Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) data provided by NOAA during the period 1979~2008,the convection around the Philippine was analyzed and two indexes named Philippine Convection Index (PHCI) and Philippine Convection Position (PHCP) were defined.Based on the PHCI and PHCP,the relationship of the PHCI/PHCP and the summer precipitation in the Yangtze River Basin were studied.The results show that the different grades of the PHCI have different effect on the rainfall of the Yangtze River Basin.When the PHCI is the highest,the precipitation of the Yangtze River Basin is much more,but when the index is the lowest,the precipitation is less in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the Jianghuai Valley.When the PHCI is higher,the precipitation is more in the north of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,but when the index is lower,the precipitation is much less in the Yangtze River Basin.When the PHCI is slightly high,it makes the more precipitation in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,and when the index is slightly low,there makes no strong effect.The precipitation is less in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River when the PHCP is in the north and east,while in the other three directions (the north and west,the south and east,the south and west) the precipitation is more in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.At the same time,when the PHCP is in the south and east,the precipitation is more in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.When the PHCP is in the south,the PHCI is higher.But it is not the same variation when the PHCP is in the north.Furthermore,when the longitude position is in the west,the PHCI is higher, and vice versa.〖

Goundwater，which is the important component of the human living space and supplies human being highquality freshwater，is widely used because of its importance for human life and the economic development.However，quality of ground water has been threatened by pollution from agriculture，industry and everyday life.Through the monitoring of shallow ground water of main districts in Hangzhou City，we found that nitrogen compounds exceed the standard widespreadly，including ammonia nitrogen，nitrite nitrogen，permanganate index and total coliform and total bacteria.This is mainly related with longterm pollution from life，industry and agriculture.Through the research and onsite monitoring，this paper raised some countermeasures to avoid further contamination on shallow groundwater in main districts of Hangzhou City，which includes enhancing surface water and groundwater pollution prevention and control，enhancing groundwater monitoring network construction，strengthening the protection of groundwater resources，publicity and education work.〖

In this study,water samples from fourteen agriculture drainage ditches as well as from three critical check gates,two outlets of main channel of four lakes region in Hubei Province were collected and examined with six physicochemical parameters:electrical conductivity (EC),pH,dissolved oxygen (DO),chemical oxygen demand (COD),total nitrogen (TN),and total phosphorus (TP).Global positioning system (GPS) was used to determine the coordinates of sampling points.In order to identify the main pollution loading types of ditch water,the single factor pollution index was applied.Moreover,Nemero Index and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation were used to judge the water quality grades,and then to characterize the water quality situation and the spatial variation features of water environment in this basin.The results indicated that DO and TN were 〖JP2〗the main polluting factors.And the proportion of agriculture〖JP〗 drainage ditches in slight pollution was about 7857%,among which 4286% points reached up to the standard requirement of class Ⅳ in《Surface Water Environment Quality Standard》（GB38382002）.This showed that the ditches were heavily polluted.The changing intensity of water pollution in agriculture drainage ditches was Jianli section (D03~D07)>the northern area of Honghu (D08~D09)>the west of Honghu county (D10~D12)>Jiangling and Qianjiang section (D01~D02)>the area of Datong Lake (D13~D14).In summary,the water quality in  main channel was much better than that in agriculture drainage ditches,the middle area was worse than the inferior segment in the aspect of water quality of agriculture drainage ditches.〖

The water quality in Chishui River was assessed by using the PCA method in the “7th 5year Plan” period and “11th 5year Plan” period.The results showed that the water quality of trunk stream is still very well.The central town was planned and developed for many years,there is a welldesingn urban infrastructure,and the urban sewage and brewery waste water were treated before discharge standard.so the water quality of W5 section has become better.Waterquality index of other sections has some changes.The source of tributary has to be controlled for that pollution factors become more and more.Overall,the water quality of trunk stream is still very well，but measurements should be taken to prevent water quality of tributary becoming worsen.

The growing history, geographical location,as well as the supply of plateau lakes are different,so that lakes have their own characteristics of the distribution and evolution process.The hydrological characteristics of lakes mainly depend on the regional topography and climatic conditions.This article analysed the characteristics of the lakes distribution in the YunnanGuizhou Plateau and the conditions of topography and climate in the lakes of the location based on RS and GIS spatial analysis method.The result showed that lakes in the area are mainly distributed in Sichuan and Yunnan.The number of lakes in two provinces almost equal,and the big and mediumsized lakes are mainly located in central and northwestern of Yunnan;big lakes are mainly distributed between 1000 m and 2000 m elevation,and the lakes area of this region counts for about 8556% of the total lakes area.The precipitation and potential evapotranspiration in lakeregion of Yunnan and Guizhou are generally higher than those in Sichuan.However,the condition of accumulating water in lakeregion of Sichuan is better.Its lakes are mainly distributed in the area where the difference between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration is 50 ~ 200 mm.For most lakes in Yunnan,the precipitation is less than the potential evapotranspiration.
 

Temporal and spatial distributions of bluegreen algae density and Chlorophyll were discussed according to emergency monitoring data of the Meiliang Lake measured by Wuxi environmental monitoring centre with Multiparameter Water Quality Sonde YSI6600v2 in 2008 from April to November.Data indicated that obvious temporal and spatial variations were found for bluegreen algae density and chlorophyll.Bluegreen algae density and Chlorophyll reached the highest value in September and August respectively，and reached the highest in the north zone of the lake，and the lowest in the Shazhu zone.The results showed that water temperature was a major limiting factor for the algae growth in summer Meiliang Lake，and the spatial distribution of algae was greatly influenced by the “southeast wind” and “The project of water diversion from the Yangtze River to Taihu Lake”.It was easy to see that the focus of attention was needed in the algal blooms of Augst and September in Meiliang Lake，and the Shazhu as an important drinking water sources compared with other zones in Meiliang Lake was very reasonable and the right choice.〖

During the first experimental storing water to 175 m (elevation) in the Three Gorges from January to March in 2009，the investigation on the  activities of diatom in the outlet of the Jialing River in spring had been studied，then the effects on diatoms had been analysed through diatom changes in the spring of 2007 and 2009.The results showed that，compared with 2007，the water level in the outlet of the Jialing River increased 254~784 m in 2009，the velocity decreased 001~005 m/s，PO3-4 decreased to 0018~0049 mg/L，and NO-3 became lower (106~155 mg/L).There were 78 species of diatom and 6 dominant species of diatom，and the density of algal was 900×104~11140×104 cells/L in 2007；while there were 91 species of diatom and 10 dominant species of diatom in 2009，and the density of algal was 097×104~7064×104 cells/L.The composition of diatoms mainly included 〖WTBX〗Navicula,Fragilaria,Gomphonema,Synedra,Melosira〖WTBZ〗 and 〖WTBX〗Cymbella〖WTBZ〗，and the composition had little change in 2007 and 2009.〖WTBX〗Cyclotella asterocostata〖WTBZ〗 is water bloom species.Through the analysis，we found that the water level in the outlet of the Jialing River and the species of diatoms increased，and the velocity，nutrient and the density of diatoms decreased，the composition of diatoms had little change，and 〖WTBX〗Cyclotella asterocostata〖WTBZ〗 was more outstanding during storing water to 175 m in the Three Gorges.〖

The water quality and the structure and amount of algae phytoplankton in Lake Gaoyou were investigated and the trophic status was determined by comprehensive eutrophication state index,singlefactor phytoplankton index and Margalef index.The results showed pH average was 866,DO average was 73 mg/L,TN average was 1.02 mg/L,TP average was 0051 mg/L,CODMn average was 961 mg/L,Chla average was 1038 ug/L,SD average was 0.69 m.66 species belonged to 38 genera,23 families,8 phyla were found in Lake Gaoyou,of which 27 species belong to Chlorphyta，16 species belong to of Cyanophyta,9 species belong to Bacillariophyta and 6 species belong to Euglenophyta,and  the percentage of them were 4091%,2424%,1364% and 909%.The average density and biomass of phytoplankton were 1940×106 ind./L and 483 mg/L.The comprehensive nutrition state index was between 5114 and 6053.The phytoplankton community structure was of greenblue agale type and Margalef index was 1528.All the features indicated that the lake can be regarded as light eutrophication and there was the tendency of middle eutrophication.〖 〖W

Aquatic plants in 5 plateau lakes of the central Yunnan Province were investigated during the dry and wet seasons.Altogether 80 species belonging to 33 families and 64 genera were recorded.Among them were 39 wetland plants,19 emergent,12 submerged,7 floating and 3 floatingleaved ones.The flora was found to be diverse in its geographical characteristic.Cosmopolitan was the main floristic elements.There were 22 tropical (account for 344% of the total genera) and 20 temperate genera (account for 317% of the total genera),indicating the subtropical characteristics of the flora.In the assemblage of submerged macrophytes,〖WTBX〗Potamogeton pectinatus〖WTBZ〗,an pollutiontolerant species,was the dominant species in Lake Dianchi,Lake Xingyunhu,Lake Qiluhu.Meanwhile,the submerged macrophytes associations in these three eutrophic lakes were relative simple,with monodominant association such as 〖WTBX〗Potamogeton pectinatus〖WTBZ〗 association and 〖WTBX〗Potamogeton malaianus〖WTBZ〗 association.Environmental analyses demonstrated that the water depth,Secchi depth and total nitrogen of sediment were the important factors influencing the submerged macrophyte assemblages in these lakes.〖

Jatropha curcas〖WTBZ〗 L.，a newly developed resource plant，has gained much attention from many countries and scientists for its being biodiesel substitute and comprehensive utilization potential.This paper mainly summarized the botanic research advances of 〖WTBX〗J.curcas〖WTBZ〗，including  phytogenetic classification status，resources distribution，morphological structure，character of productive biology，physiology，plant ecology and so on.From the research of classification and distribution，we introduced its present classification status and resources distribution worldwide.From the morphological structure，the researches of botanical main characteristic，chromosome karyotype，structure of its root，stem，leaf，flower，fruit and seed have been done.The researches of the structure of proteins and gene are focused on the finding and clone of the functional proteins and key genes.From the productive biology，there are studies about 〖WTBX〗Jatropha’s〖WTBZ〗 breeding system，pollination process and flowering phenology.The studies about tissue culture，seed physiology and stress physiology are focused on the plant physiology.In plant ecology，photosynthetic and physiological are the most important researches.Totally，this study analyzed the research deficiency and proposed main direction of 〖WTBX〗J.curcas〖WTBZ〗 botanic research.〖

For the first time，this paper analyzed bird ecotypes and avifauna in Jiangxi Province and five typical regions within Jiangxi Province.The results show that there are 481 species which belong to 72 families and 19 orders and represent 3611% of the species in China.Among the bird species in Jiangxi Province，12 and 72 species are listed in the national firstgrade and secondgrade protected species，respectively.95 species are listed in protected species in Jiangxi Province.And 14 species such as 〖WTBX〗Mergus squamatus，Tragopan caboti〖WTBZ〗 and so on are listed in endemic birds in China.The breeding birds are the main components in Jiangxi Province and five typical regions within Jiangxi Province.In Jiangxi Province，the avifauna is the mixed one of oriental and palaearctic elements.The oriental elements are more than palaearctic elements which are contract with the results of province.Because most of winter migrants belong to palaearctic elements，if excluding them，the results obtained in the five regions are consistent with the result in Jiangxi Province.〖

Seasonal investigations on benthic macroinvertebrates were carried out in Kuilei Lake in 2008，the main drinking water supply source of Kunshan City，Jiangsu Province.Altogether 66 taxa were identified from fifteen sampling sites.Among them were 18 taxa of oligchaetes，26 taxa of chironomids，14 taxa of mollusks and 8 forms of miscellaneous animals.Kuilei Lake was partitioned into four macrobenthic zones by Hierarchical Cluster Analysis.Densities of benthic macroinvertebrates were higher in southwest of Kuilei Lake (zone III and IV) than those in central and the northeast of the Lake (zone I and II).According to the wet weight，mollusks were dominant.Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was applied to explore the importance of environmental variables in influencing macroinvertebrate community structure.DO and TP were the key predictors of the community variance.The water quality was assessed using ShannonWiener diversity，Family Biotic Index and Biotic index，and totally it was polluted during the sampling period.The water quality of the outlet of Kuilei Lake (zone V) was least polluted，while inlet of Kuilei Lake (zone VI) was most polluted.Considering the coincidence with physicalchemical parameters，〖WTBX〗BI〖WTBZ〗 bioassessment methods were fitter to apply in this region.〖

 A small watershed in Zhongxian county，Chongqing，was chosen to study the soil nutrient content distribution in sloping field of different planting modes.The results show that the differences of soil nutrient content between diverse planting modes are remarkable.The difference of soil nutrient content between woodland and dryland is not significant.However，the soil nitrogen and organic matters of woodland and dryland are significantly lower than that of paddy land.Soil phosphorus is significantly higher than that of paddy land.Along the top of the slope to base of the slope in the watershed，the soil nutrients show different disciplines.Soil organic matter totally increased with a relatively slower decrease after the increase.Soil nitrogen is showing an trend of gradual increase.Whereas，soil phosphorus is totally decreasing with a relatively slower increase after the decrease.Compared with the research results of watershed in other areas，the soil nitrogen and phosphorus level of this watershed are relatively lower than that of other watersheds such as Taihu lake area，Dianchi lake area and Dongting lake area.〖

In recent years，as the rapid extension and development of expressway in China，numerous environmental issues sprout up，among which nonpoint source pollution of runoff appears seriously.With the methods of onsite continuous sampling and the national standard water quality analysis，monitoring of the surface runoff has been carried out in Chongqing Yuwu Expressway.The research analysed the flow trend of the surface runoff，calculated the Event Mean Concentration (EMC) and explored the correlation between the pollution factors and biodegradability.The results showed that the initial effect was significant among rainfall events with large rainfall at the initial stage.The EMC demonstrated that the great majority of pollutant concentrations exceeded V type of Surface Water Standards and II Emission Standards.High concentrations of SS，COD，TN，TP，being the main pollutants，contributed to the pollution to a larger extent.It existed fine linear correlation among the water quality parameters：SS，COD，BOD5，TP，Cu，Zn，and Pb.The poor biodegradability proved that the traditional biological treatment method was not a suitable processing approach of this kind of runoff.This study could provide a  reference for further research on the pollution of Chongqing′s runoff，and scientific basis for the control and management of the Environmental Protection Department.〖

Planning for controlling the sewage discharge of the point pollution sources around the river is complicated with both macro and micro factors.According to this characteristic,a multiobjective planning model based on simulating the course of pollutants diffusion and linear programming is presented to plan the sewage of several main pollutants from the point pollution sources and to define the corresponding requirement of controlling each pollution sources,which can be used as the basis for decision making of water environment management.In the case study,this coupled modeling approach is applied to plan the sewage of COD and NH4N from 6 point pollution sources around the Yibin section of the Minjiang River and the sewage planⅠ can be defined. Considering the results of the sewage plan Ⅰ and the characteristics of the waste water,the outlets of the pollution sources can be rearranged,and then the sewage plan Ⅱ can be obtained through the modeling approach.After comparing the pollution contribution of COD and NH4N to Minjiang River and the Yangtze River in the condition of implementation of no planning, the sewage planⅠ and the sewage planⅡ,the results show:the pollution contribution of COD and NH4N to the Minjiang River and the Yangtze River can be reduced considerably and the water environmental quality of the study area meet the standard in accordance with both two sewage plans.The sewage planⅠ can take fuller advantage of the water environment capacity of the study area and need lower investment for pollution controlling;while the sewage plan Ⅱ need to invest more to raise the intensity of pollution controlling of 4 new outlets,but it can offer more water environment capacity for regional development.〖

For the complicated environmental effects of the objects of Regional Environmental Risk Assessment (RERA),the qualitative evaluations including expert advices are needed to identify the effects of risk,which inevitably involve uncertainties such as uncertainties and ignorance.Therefore,ERA problems need to be analyzed using methods that can handle uncertainties. In this paper,the Interval evidential reasoning (IER) approach was applied in RERA.Firstly,the IER approach was briefly explained.In a hypothetic case,the original multiple attribute assessment information was listed in belief structure through information transformation technique and the assessment information was aggregated with IER algorithm.Then,integrated the utility function in the RERA,the relative risk of every riskReceptor and riskResource were gained.It has been shown that IER approach made it possible to fuse the results of different methods, and each join of the method made the final result close to the truth. This study provided evidences for decisionmaking. 〖

This article focused on the floods in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in 1869.The authors consulted a variety of resources about this flood,such as archives,local gazetteers,diaries and other personal literatures.And then,based on the countylevel disaster index and details,the spatial and temporal flood distribution was reconstructed.The results showed that a westtoeast zone of disaster was between 28°N and 32°N,and the extremely serious areas were Hubei,Hunan,the southern parts of Anhui,Jiangsu and Zhejiang.Based on the climate records from diaries of Qing dynasty,the reconstruction of the precipitation time series in Hunan and other areas from 1869 showed that the continuous rainfall began from March 2nd to July 24th,and during this period there were five heavy rain events, moreover,the norain intervals were short.The plum rain season began at an earlier date.The start date was May 27th,and the rain season lasted almost 50 days with some heavy rain events during this process.The main cause of these features of this disaster was the occupation of the plum rain season.In contrast to the weather information of other diaries,we found that the ancient diary of the rain or sunshine was a highly reliable record in reconstructing daily precipitation.However,it still had some errors,which should be considered.〖

To evaluate the 〖JP2〗environment management maturity of largescale water conservancy and hydropower〖JP〗 engineering project,some characteristics of largescale water conservancy and hydropower project are discussed in this paper,and the positive and negative effects of planning phase,construction phase and operation phase on the ecological environment are analyzed.An environmentfriendly largescale water conservancy and hydropower construction project management maturity model is constructed based on previous project management methods,subsequently the composition,contents and evaluation methods are also defined.With the knowledge system of project management as a guide,this study proposed an index system of project management maturity comprehensive evaluation which was analyzed by an evaluation method based on GIOWA operator and AHP.To verify the validity and utility of this evaluation method,an example is proposed.The result suggests that the main factor which restricts the maturity of largescale water conservancy and hydropower engineering project is the degree of controlling over the environment after considering environmental factors,and the overall level of project management has yet to be improved.The result provides a direction for the environment protection and management of largescale water conservancy and hydropower projects.At the same time,this study presented environmentfriendly project management theories and standards,which are significant for managers.

In this study，PAEs (Phthalic Acid Esters) was selected to study their static adsorption characteristic on suspended particulates from the Wanzhou Reach of the Yangtze River.Several significant results were obtained from the study：the adsorption isotherms of DMP，DEHP，and DOP showed obvious “S” shape.Freundlich and Langmuir sorption isotherm could describe the sorption behaviors when the initial concentration of PAEs is bellow 500 μg/L,while Linear sorption isotherm was better when the concentration of PAEs was between 500 μg/L and 1000 μg/L.This indicated that the surface sorption played leading role when the adsorbate concentration was low and the partition strengthened gradually as the concentration grew.The adsorption quantity of suspended sediments treated by H2O2 was higher than that of suspended sediments not treated by H2O2，when the adsorption equilibrium occured.And Freundlich equation and Langmuir equation fit this adsorption isotherm better，which showed that the absorption type of treated suspended sediments was the surface absorption.Experiments showed a rapid sorption of DMP，DEHP and DOP in the Yangtze River suspended particulates in 2 hours，and the sorption equilibrium could be achieved in 12 hours.〖 〖W

Water environment is the foundation for aquatic organisms to survival and for fisheries resources to develop sustainably and healthily.The content of heavy metals in water environment is directly related to the quality and safety of aquatic products.To appraise the water environment of typical lakes in the middle reaches of  the Yangtze River,content of heavy metals in water and sediment of the Datong Lake was measured,the pollution of sediment heavy metals was evaluated by the methods of geoaccumulation index and potential ecological risk index,and the pollution and the potential ecological risk of sediment heavy metals for typical lakes in the middle ranches of the Yangtze River were also estimated in the present study.The results showed that the content of As,Cd,Cu,Pb and Zn in water of the Datong Lake all met the water quality standard for fisheries.Except for the content of Zn for S7,S17,S33 and S39 which belonged to the grade II surface water,the content of 5 heavy metals analyzed for all samples was within the range of environmental quality standard for grade I surface water.The content of As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb and Zn in sediment of the Datong Lake was all higher than their corresponding background values for the area of the Dongting Lake,which indicated that there was growing tendency of accumulation for above 6 heavy metals in sediment of the Datong Lake.However,the result showed that the pollution arose from heavy metals in sediment of the Datong Lake was still lighter judged by the methods of geoaccumulation index and potential ecological risk index.The pollution resulted from sediment heavy metals in the typical lakes in the middle ranch of the Yangtze River were lower overall, except for several heavy metals in few lakes which showed slight higher pollution.

Predicting the grain production duly,objectively and exactly has great 〖JP2〗importance to the constitution〖JP〗 of grain policy,the control of food price and economic trade,the security of foodstuff,and the regulation of planting structure.This paper introduces the Hubei Crop Watch System with Remote Sensing,based on the remote sensing data,statistical data,meteorological data,field data and other data.The system utilized DBMS as the database platform,adopted the systematized framework of Client/Server(C/S),and it was developed by Interactive Data Language (IDL) with the character of orienting matrix.Hubei Crop Watch System consists of several components,including crop condition monitoring,〖JP2〗crop acreage estimation,yield prediction,and grain production estimation〖JP〗.The system is fast with stable operations and high efficiency,and it can provide accurate and reliable results.Thus the system could provide reliable information services for agricultural decisionmaking supporting and grain production of Hubei Province。

In recent years，with sea levels rising and sediment reducing，the Yangtze River Delta region is facing the threat of coastal erosion.This paper applied fuzzy comprehensive assessment method to evaluate the coastal erosion in the Yangtze River Delta.The assessment factors were sealevel rise rate，ground subsidence rate，average high tides，offshore sea water sediment，tidal slope，tidal width and coastal line change rate.8 coastal segments in the Yangtze River Delta were selected as the object of study.It applied Fuzzy method and CVI model into studying the Yangtze River Delta Coastal Erosion vulnerability，combined with GIS and then depicted the coastal vulnerability map.The results showed that the Yangtze River Delta coastal vulnerability profiles revealed clear regional differences.And the CVI result had great relevance to the Costal erosion status in the Yangtze River Delta.It indicated that fuzzy comprehensive assessment of coastal vulnerability was an effective way to study the Yangtze River Delta coastal erosion risk.Finally，it predicted that the Yangtze River Delta coast had a  trend to the high vulnerability in the next several years according to evaluation results.And the trend of silt up will be slower，while the erosion will be intensifier，and high vulnerability coastal sections will increase.〖

Annual variations on collected amount of percapita municipal solid waste (MSW) in Taihu Lake Basin as well as the influencing factors were analyzed in this study.The selected influencing factors were the family size，age distribution of residents，and household consumption expenditure.From 2002~2007，the collected amount of percapita MSW in shanghai city increased from 3.77 million tons to 791 million tons，which was almost doubled (〖WTBX〗P〖WTBZ〗<0.05).Within the same period，the collected amount of MSW from Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces increased by 58% and 25%，respectively.The family size with 2~4 people dominated in Taihu Lake Basin and their sum accounted for about 76% (〖WTBX〗P〖WTBZ〗<001).From 2002 to 2007，the age distribution of Chinese resident has showed the signs of aging.The proportion of people between the ages of 0~14 decreased yearly.Among those，Shanghai city and Jiangsu province decreased 25% (〖WTBX〗P〖WTBZ〗<001).Statistical analysis showed that the collected percapita MSW was significant positive correlated with the family size and the amount of household consumption expenditure.There was a significant negative correlation between amount of the collected MSW and the age distribution.Correlation coefficient between the collected MSW and the family size was the minimum.The related prediction equation was built on family size，age distribution，and household consumption expenditure for Taihu Lake Basin.The prediction equation was validated using the data from Zhejiang province，which was consistent between the original and the calculated date with a high degree.〖

Chongming is the third largest island in China,which is also the biggest river alluvial island in the world.Water issues have been a challenging problem recently due to fast social and economic development.How to determine the threshold of waterrelated indicators is a key point to achieve the sustainable development of Chongming Island.Based on the existing research on water environmental capacity of Chongming and water environmental planning,this paper proposed an approach to analyze the threshold of waterrelated indicators systematically by combining pressurestateresponse model and scenario analysis.Three key waterrelated indicators were selected as cases,including COD discharge quantity which represents environmental pressure,sewage treatment rate for city and town which represents environmental response,and the rate of major rivers that up to the standards which represents environmental state.This approach has already been applied in the construction of Chongming ecoisland to determine the control target of Chongming water environment in 2020.〖