Polarized area is an urbanintensive region,which has an important national strategy and has an important function of international competitiveness in one country. In the context of globalization and increasing economic cooperation and competition between countries,all over the countries in the world are trying to focus on constructing the polarized areas as a way to enhance the competitiveness among their counterparts.In this paper,after reviewing the indicators of evaluation on the functions of polarized areas in Germany,which includes decisionmaking and control functions,innovation and competitiveness and gatewayfunction,the writers put forward the contents and indicators to identify the polarized areas and their relevant functions in China.Based on the theory of polarized area,this paper also assesses and makes a comparison among the functional orientations in the regional planning of the Yangtze River Delta,Pearl River Delta and BeijingTianjinHebei Metropolitan Region.In the last two years,in order to increase the level of urbanization,promote the regional coordinated development,and improve the international competitiveness,the State Council of China has approved several regional planning which have national strategic significance.However,according to the definition and the evaluation criteria,this paper argues that,currently the regions like the Yangtze River Delta,Pearl River Delta and BeijingTianjinHebei Metropolitan Region are already polarized areas in China having strong international competitiveness,and some of them could be fostered to the polarized areas,while the others have not qualified to the polarized areas,and just to balance the development of the Eastern and Western,or for the aim of ecologic protection of China.Finally,the authors discuss some preliminary advice regarding the first two strategic areas,which is provided to foster their relevant function in the way of polarized areas development

The article analyzes the six national strategic development zones along the Yangtze river delta region,who are region of Yangtze river delta region of the citycluster along the Yangtze RiverinAnhui,Wuhanmetropolitanareas,PoyangLakeecologicaleconomiczone,Urban Agglomeration of Changsha,Zhuzhou and Cheng duChongqing economic zone.Based on polarized area theory, this paper proposes methods of “topdown” and “bottomup” to identificat the function of six national strategy development zones,meanwhile,the article analyzes the level of economic development,the degree of Extroversion of economic,industry and quotient of location about the third industry.Then,we put forward various function of  strategic development zones,The Yangtze delta economic region mainly undertakes to participate in international competition, innovation and the gateway functions,region of the citycluster along the Yangtze RiverinAnhui mainly undertakes functions of boosting regional service,Poyang Lake ecologicale conomic zone mainly undertakes function of ecological conservation,Wuhan metropolitanareas mainly undertakes functions of demonstration and boosting Central regions,Urban Agglomeration of  changshazhuzhouxiangtan mainly undertakes functions of regional boosting and demonstration,Cheng duChongqing economic zone mainly undertakes function s of ecological conservationin west  and western boosting

The county (city) as the basic research unit,using comprehensive index calculates the economic and social development index of Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration regions in 1986 and 2008.By comparing the economic and social development of each unit change in composite index,research the spatial polarization characteristics of Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration regions from the 1980s;and using Panel Data Model,quantitative explore the influence factors of spatial polarization in Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration regions.The research indicated:the economic activity of Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration regions have obvious economic center pointing and coastal pointing,spatial development mainly remains polarized.The new development poles had appeared,but distribution in the area edge,leading role is not big;The metropolitan area overall scale aggravate inflation,in addition,the core and periphery areas appear polarization and reversed polarization phenomenon;the eastern regions appear the rudiment of network development.The original economic basis,transformation of the industrial structure ability,economic globalization level are the main factors affecting spatial polarization in Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration regions since the reform and opening up.

Knowledge network is a kind of interconnected network that is born in the process of diffusion and communication of knowledge by the actors who create,transfer,absorb and apply knowledge,such as enterprises,universities,organizations and institutions.This paper takes statistical data of the papers published in cooperation about the biotechnology both in the database of ISI (international) and VIP (Chinese) from 2000 to 2009 as data source.Based on the theory and methods of social network analysis,it uses UCINET and Pajek to analyze the spatial polarization and diffusion of knowledge network at international level and at provincial level. Generally,the network is still in the phase of expansion,the robustness of the network is gradually improving,and the network structure changes to mature.At the international level,the spatial polarization of network is evident.At the national level,the structure of network changes from hierarchical to flat,and accordingly the spatial structure of network changes from one pole to muticores and further to muticenters.Based on the spatial distribution of the network,the knowledge exchange area is divided into four types:knowledge accessagglomeration,knowledge gateway, bypass agglomeration and peripheral utilizer.Finally,provide some advice to the government for policy making to improve the technological innovation in China. 

Building Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone has formally become the national strategy,which is an important part of regional coordinated development.As the leading city of Shandong Peninsula,Qingdao possess strong comprehensive strength,excellent location,rich marine resources,leading marine science & technology,advanced marine economy and rational marine industrial structure.With these advantages it should be built into the pioneer of national Blue Economy construction and the core area of Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone.In this process,the administrators of Qingdao should further optimize the spatial layout of Blue Economy,and improve the industrial structure according to the guideline of elevating the primary industry optimally,developing the secondary industry strongly and fostering the tertiary industry effectively.To promote the rapid development of Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone and play a leading role,Qingdao should create a favorable policy climate,break through the key technology of marine industry,implement projectdriven strategy,strengthen cooperation between peninsula cities,and pay attention to the environmental protection in the development process which would be able to ensure the sustainable development of Blue Economy. 

Since the China Western Development was implemented,the western China has achieved rapid growth in economy,society,infrastructure and ecological construction,etc.However,there still exists a wide gap between the western and other areas in economic and income level.The problems such as the insufficiency of public service remain critical.Taking Lijiang city as an example,its economic development as well as the tourism in the past 30 years are described and analyzed.Comparing with other western provinces and cities in the aspects of indicators of the planed welloff society and modernization of China,the results show that Lijiang fell far behind in economy especially in social development in Western.The situation of minority in Lijiang is acute.At last the future policy position of China Western Development is discussed focusing on the developmental strategy in regional economy as well as tourisms of Lijiang.The keywords of this police position will be the enhancement of financial transfer payment,the social and cultural development strategy for minority areas and the favorable policy for the planning and construction of economic zones in remote minority areas in Western China. 

Since the reform and opening up,urbanization in Jiangsu Province has developed rapidly and has been at the forefront of national urbanization development.In recent years,the spatial pattern and development mechanisms of urbanization in Jiangsu Province has showed some new features.Large and middle sized cities become the main aggolomeration area of urbanization population,regional differences of urbanization is shrinking,and the urbanization mechanism become more and more diversified.However,urbanization of Jiangsu Province still faces many problem,such as big regional difference,weak spatial aggolomeration effect,low public service capacity and great pressure on resources and environment.With the transformation of China's economic growth,Jiangsu Provincial urbanization strategy would need adaptive adjustments consequently.As a result,the paper highlights the future direction on the strategy of urbanization,which are quality improvement strategy,overall coordinating strategy and space optimization strategy.

Development zones,the new industrial spaces emerged in the era of globalization,have played a crucial role in China’s economic development.In theory,its development has been divided into two stages:the first transition and the second transition. Recently,however,there is a new trend that industrial zones are transferring into new urban district in China.Based on the analysis of development and transformation of Suzhou Industrial Park,this research has a more thorough understanding of development zones,and points out that the Suzhou Industrial Park has entered into the third transition,in which the industrial park transforms into a new urban district.During this transition,by implementing entrepreneurial strategies and adopting entrepreneurial actions such as repositioning,creating new urban spaces,Suzhou Industrial Park accelerates the development of new urban district and tertiary industry.This research also found a fundamental change of industrial park governance systemthe main function of management committee has transformed from promoting economic growth to comprehensive management of society and urban district. The findings have important implementations for China’s industrial zone transformation

Summarizing the six kinds of spatial structure patterns of the urban and regional development,respectively is:the spatial structure of single pole key city leading,the spatial structure of poleaxis systrm leading,the spatial structure of city and countryside fusing area,the three dimensional spatial structure of city and countryside cooperation leading,the spatial structure of garden city leading,the spatial structure of metropolis area leading.Analyzing these suitable conditions of the patterns and the effect which develops to the development of urban and rural integration.Analyzing the spatial structure characteristic of urban and rural development in Huai’an,namely，the whole region spatial structure is in the polar nucleus and poleaxis development stage,the villages and towns population scale are small,the economic potentiality is weak,and the infrastructural facilities lag and so on.Which causes the level of city and countryside integration development low.In view of such condition,proposing that the spatial structure mentality of development of urban and rural integration in Huai,an as following,advancing the spatial structure of poleaxis up to network type structure transformation as soon as possible.While constructing the key city vigorously,constructing region key town positively,establishing the plan mechanism of city and countryside overall plan development,thus guaranteeing the spatial structure plan be implemented at a high grade

Compared with the traditional industries,new and high tech industries has more strongly inherent requirement for geographic concentration,which leads to the significant difference in geographical pattern.The article attempts to study the status of new and high tech industries geographical pattern and geographical concentration and the change trend separately from the industry as a whole and subsectors from the perspective of geography.This research combines with the time series data and cross section data of 2008,is base on the existing related research methods and empirical analysis.The research methods include regional Gini coefficient,geographic concentration and the geographic distribution measurement method.The research shows that new and high tech industries highly concentrated in the coastal provinces，together with Shaanxi and Sichuan provinces,the provincial gap is wide.The share of new and high tech industries output value is significantly associated with economic development.Time series analysis shows that the concentration of industry continued to improve for a long time scale,while the tendency tended to be stable in recent years.The geographical pattern is clear gradually and the core provinces are highlighted.Due to the different nature,development foundation,resources demand and market group,different industries has different centralized situation and development trend

The economic zone of the western coast of taiwan strait,including 20 cities in Fujian,Zhejiang,Guangdong and Jiangxi provinces,goes through with three stages,which are proposing,development and formation.After analyzing the development and regional significance of economic zone of the western coast of Taiwan strait,the gravity model was used to research into the intensity of economic linkages in the 20 cities of the economic zone of the western coast of Taiwan straits,and the results was shown in thematic map with the support of GIS software Mapinfo 90.The study indicated that the coastal axis of development,in the east of the economic zone is formed by two city groups with strong economic links between their“dual cores”,while city multilevel system is formed by“subgrowth cores”in the middle and western economic zone,and the former had a stronger radiation to the latter.The degree of economic linkages within the region from the coast to the inland areas showed an attenuation with the distance increase,and the linkages among the cities in the west are relativly weak,and regional natural and geographical conditions and the cost of transportation were the main hercynian barriers to the urban economic linkages

Taking 16 cities in the Yangtze River Delta as the object of study,this paper analyzes the freight volume dynamics and influencing mechanism since the mid1980s from the aspects of quantitative growth,evolution in spatial pattern,spatial competition and pattern change of container cargo flow.The results show that, both the freight volume,freight turnover and the transportation range in the Yangtze River Delta have increased by a large margin and the regional spatial structure of freight volume has a complicated change with the rapid economic growth during the past 20 years.The centralization pattern is obvious in these years,Shanghai,Nanjing,Hangzhou,Ningbo is prominent in freight volume,but the distribution of freight volume tend to equilibrium as a whole,meanwhile,the freight and production place appeared some isolated situation.The container cargo flow in the Yangtze River Delta is highly competitive.Shanghai initially established the position as the central hub port and Ningbo port has the obvious advantages of spatial agglomeration,but the general spatial agglomeration function of container port system is not prominent.The driving mechanism of freight dynamics is mainly influenced by economic globalization, global supply chain and manufacturing paradigm shift from the macroscopic level,while from the middle and microcosmic level,it was mainly affected by regional economic systems and integrated transport costs,regional segmentation and traffic management system,etc

Regional development is an important theoretical and practical issue in the process of urbanization and industrialization.The assessment of development situation is the premise and basis of further study of regional development.Based on regional sustainable development theory,and the dialectical relationship between regional development level and development costs,we choose the 40 cities which are along the Yangtze River as the basic evaluation unit,select the most important indicators to identify development level and costs,and construct the composite index system based on“economy-societyresourcesenvironment”.We calculate the economic and social development level of the cities,and also the resources and environment costs.According to the twodimensional matrix,we divide the cities into four zones:zone of highdevelopment level and highdevelopment cost,zone of lowdevelopment level but highdevelopment cost,zone of lowdevelopment level but highdevelopment cost,and zone of lowdevelopment level and lowdevelopment cost.From the industrial development,ecological protection,and regional coordination,we propose the corresponding policies and measures for different types of zones,to provide the foundation for a new round development of regions along the Yangtze River

This paper argues that demographic shrinking and stagnation processes have influenced urban development in East and West Germany since the end of WW II at almost all times.Nevertheless,until reunification of both German countries in 1990 urban planning have always been based on the assumption of growth.Then,after reunification demographic change began to influence cities and rural regions decisively through shrinking.In the context of aging and shrinking,the causes and consequences of shrinking were discussed.This discussion focused on examples in East Germany as shrinking occurred much more intensively in this part of the country.The second part of the paper focused on strategies tackling the problem of shrinking.For urban areas the strategies of concentration and perforation were being discussed.Both contributed to a higher quality of life in cities by reducing the builtup area and developing green spaces or less intensive uses instead.Shrinking in remote rural regions on the other hand would need to be handled with much more rigidity.One possible solution would be a systematic spatial retreat,by giving up public infrastructure or more radically giving up entire regions by relocating people and concentrating them in towns 〗

Both the urban master planning and the general land use planning are major domestic spatial planning.With the promotion of urbanization and the expansion of construction land,contradictions and conflicts between this two planning is severe.Regionalization of regional potential development alleviates the conflicts of this two planning and greatly increases the linkages,also provides the coordinative paths.Taking Wuxi for example,this paper uses regionalization of regional potential development to evaluate the two planning schemes.The analysis indicates:buildingland of the urban master planning grows fast in ecological sensitive area,while grows slowly in feasible development area;buildingland of the general land use planning doesn’t meet the need of future development and constrain actual expansion of land use,which is not according with the reality. 

As the key subject on balancing urban and rural development,spatial selection of rural residential land consolidation is the basis of the urban and rural coordinative development spatial pattern.Based on the theoretical potentiality,this study established a coordinal index system of maximizing the economic,social,ecological benefits to assess spatial sequences of rural residential land suitability taking Ludu and Liuhe Town of Taicang City as studying cases,and administrative village as evaluation unit.According to the spatial pattern of rural residential land suitability and the demand of urbanization and cultivated land protecting,this paper established priority selection matrix of consolidation potentiality of rural residential land and discussed the match of tempospatial plan of consolidation.The results showed that the most prior villages to consolidate were four villages including Donghai along the Yangtze River.The subprior villages were three villages including Ludu.The thirdprior villages were ten villages including Banzhu.The forthprior villages were six villages including Tianbang.The fifthprior villages were builtup areas including Ludu and Liuhe.Lastly,this paper discussed the match of tempospatial sequences of consolidation potentiality and consolidation mode

Along with the highly speedy development of economic and society in the developed area in China,with the quantity of pollution emission such as agricultural fertilizers,industrial wastewater and domestic sewage sharp increasing,the water environment has been deteriorated continuously and become a limiting factor to regional development.For harmonizing the relationship between economic development and water environment,many countries attempted to study the water environmental function zoning so as to provide a scientific basis for the basin management,but these researches ignored the spatial relation between water and land,even the index system only concluded the environmental genes but not threatening genes by human activity.This paper discussed the methods of constraint regionalization of water environment based on the capacity and pressure of water environment,including how to divide the assessed units,choose and manage the assessed elements.Then,as a case study,Wuxi City was divided into four types by the method of matrix analysis,such as highpressure and highcapacity area,highpressure and lowcapacity area,lowpressure and highcapacity area and lowpressure and lowcapacity area.Finally,this paper presented the schemes of industrial admittance and the policy of industrial development direction respectively,which was a very important base for harmonizing the industrial development and the bearing capacity of water environment

Energy consumption contributes to the emission of greenhouse gases,which is arguably responsible for the global warming.As one of the most developed regions in China,the Yangtze River Delta is both a cause and victim of global and regional climate change.The understanding of the relationship between energy consumption and economic development in the Yangtze River Delta would help local governments to designate effective strategies to mitigate the impact of climate change and to enhance their adaptation capabilities to climate change.This study applied Johansen integration test，VEC model and Granger Causality Test to uncover the relationship between energy consumption and regional development in the Yangtze River Delta.The logarithmic mean Divisia index techniques (LMDI) was used to decompose changes in energy intensity to identify the key factors that influence the relationship between energy consumption and regional development.Some interesting differences in the relationship between energy consumption and economic development among Shanghai,Jiangsu and Zhejiang were found in this study.In Shanghai and Jiangsu,energy consumption resulted in economic growth,although in Jiangsu,this influence was not so significant.But in the Zhejiang province,economic growth led to more energy consumption.The decomposition analysis indicated that the scale of industry and industrial structure affected both economic growth and energy consumption

In this article，based on the theory of the coupling coordinative degree among regional economy，tourism and ecological environment,an indicator structure，coupling coordinative degree model and the calculating methods were put forward.It made an empirical study,taking Anhui Province as an example.The result found that the coupling coordinative degree of economytourismecological environment was rising in Anhui Province from 1990 to 2008,but in the medium coordinative development class.Comparing the comprehensive function of regional economy，tourism with ecological environment,it showed that the development of regional economy and tourism exceeded the threshold value of ecological environment.The coordinated development relation of regional economytourismecological environment was antagonistic at a medium degee and ecological environment was the bottleneck in the growth of the coupling coordinative degree

The urban land use spatial pattern in terms of land use evenness obtained from land use information map is studied.Taking Neijiang City as an example,based on the ArcGis9.1,the urban land use evenness was calculated by 5 m×5 m,10 m×10 m,15 m×15 m grid sizes in the land use information maps.The results showed that the evenness of Neijiang urban land use was above 086.Different land use patterns showed relatively centralized distribution.The evenness of 3 grid sizes land use was different.In the areas with more complex land use and more fragmented land,gridscale changes greatly influenced the evenness of land use,while in the areas with a single land use representing a major area,the gridscale changes showed samall effect for the evenness of land use.The reason was that the more gridscale was,the more the distribution of small patches were covered up,thereupon,the region's main land use types were strengthened;on the contrary,with the narrow grid,small blocks of information could be gradually extracted,and the land use information extracted were more complicated