The evaluations of accessibility generally include network analysis,grid analysis and raster analysis.With the spatial analysis function of ArcGIS,by the method of grid analysis,to regard the 65 administrative center of counties or cities in Jiangsu Province as the nodes,under the help of traffic network data of Jiangsu Province in the year of 1990,1996,2002 and 2008,the paper analyzed the accessibility of Jiangsu Province for four study years and discussed the influencing factors of the evolution of spatial structure.The conclusions show:①The accessibility of Jiangsu Province has been significantly improved.The average value of accessibility improves up to 428%.②The accessibility has improved quite different among northJiangsu,middleJiangsu and southJiangsu.The accessibility of southJangsu is improved better than northJangsu. Throughout the study period,the accessibility of middleJangsu is improved behind the southernJangsu and northern Jangsu.③Overall,the regional average accessibility was gradually moving towards to balance,and the traffic structure of Jiangsu Province was going to consummate step by step.④By analyzing the correlation between the construction of highway network and the accessibility,the conclusion can be put forward that the effect of traffic construction is applicable to the principle of diminishing marginal utility.Increase traffic investment in backward areas contributes to the achievement of the regional benefit.⑤The accessibility evolution in Jiangsu Province reflects the demand for urban development

In this paper,the research object is the land use ecoeconomic system in the rapid economic development area.Method of systematic analysis is employed to analyze the relationship between social & economic development and the change of land use structure, combined with the mutative trends of economic,ecological and social functions which affected by regional land use.And then,the equivalent exponential of CO2,the index of economic benefit and the objective function of land use structure control are explained and calculated in detail.After that,the regional land use structure optimization of lowcarbon dynamic control model(LUSCC)is established by integrating Markov model and the method of structural optimization,and the calculated process of LUSCC is discussed.Finally,based on its regional development strategy and policy implementation,Taixing City is used to verify the LUSCC.Three different plans and its levels of regional lowcarbon control structure and regulation of land use optimization are obtained.This paper shows that LUSCC can meet the requirements of maximizing the efficiency of land resource allocation and sustainable use.And it can also provide a reference to explore the regional lowcarbon structural optimization of future land use

Based on Kayaequation,the affecting factors of consumption of electric power were decomposed into economy growth,industry composition and intensity of electric power.And they were analyzed based on the time list decomposition way of LMDI method during 2000～2007.The outcomes of decomposed analysis show that economy growth,industry composition and intensity of electric power are all have some positive effect on the increase of consumption of electric power as a whole.And economy growth is the major factor causing the growth of consumption of electric power;its contribution attained 9365%.But since 2006,industry composition and intensity of electric power have been displaying some kind of electric power mitigation effect.During 2006～2007,74130 hundred million kWh had been reduced for the change of industry composition and 1 64370 hundred million kWh for the depress of intensity of electric power.Study results show that the consumption of electric power would increase if China′s economy keep developing,and adopting clean power,adjusting industry composition and reducing intensity of electric power are the main approach to make China′s consumption of electric power decrease

Based on cointegrated testing theories of Chinese seven provinces' panel data over the periods 1995~2009，this paper empirically investigates the smoothness and the cointegration of two variable series including energy prices and carbon dioxide intensity to produce a logistic model.According to this model，the longterm relationship between energy prices and carbon dioxide intensity has been verified by the F testing and the Hausman testing；the empirical results show that fixed effects model is the most competent one amongst several models for describing that relationship；developed provinces have much lower carbon dioxide intensity meanwhile higher energy prices than the counterparts of developing provinces；the impact of energy prices on carbon dioxide intensity is negative and varies from province to province.It is suggested that measurements should be adopted such as enhancing energy prices，promoting technological innovations，optimizing energy structure，improving energy efficiency，advancing interprovincial industry cohesion and cooperation，etc.to lower carbon dioxide intensity as well as to realize the sustainable development of energy，economy and society

As to the data of water utilization in seventeen cities of Hubei Province from 2003 to 2006 and the comparative advantage principle(CAI)，the scale advantage indices (SAI) and benefit advantage indices (BAI) were calculated with the normalized revealed comparative advantage index (NRCA) model．The seventeen cities were clustered by the comparative advantage value，and the temporalspatial difference was analyzed，and we find that the driving factors which brought on the fluctuation of the comparative advantage index of productive water，were natural condition,natural resource, population,economic development level as well as water utilization benefit；and that of residential water was urbanization level．The results showed that the superiority regions of irrigation water utilization were in Jianghan Plain；the superiority regions of forestry，livestock and fisheries water utilization were in areas along the Yangtze River and herbage regions of Hubei Province；and the superiority regions of industrial water utilization were in the traditional industrial district of Hubei Province,such as Wuhan,Huangshi and Shiyan．The results show the feasibility of NRCA method in water resources advantage assessment

Analysis of virtual water consumption and trade of industries is of great significance in building distinctive water use strategies in Jiangxi Province.Based on Inputoutput tables in 2007,combined with Jiangxi Water Bulletin,China Environment Yearbook and other statistical data,this paper made a inputoutput analysis on the consumption and trade of virtual water in various economic sectors in 2007 in Jiangxi Province,calculating the water consumption and corresponding coefficient of water using by industrial sectors,and analyzing the relationship between sectors of water;formulating 2007 virtual water transfer matrix of various departments.The main conclusions and policy recommendations lie below:industry sector of higher water consumption is crop sector and livestock sector;the export structure of water resources is unreasonable,and it is necessary to optimize the output structure of agricultural and livestock;to develop the secondary industry,while setting policies to prevent water shortage from water deterioration; to developing the tertiary industry of high water consumption moderately

It is China's realistically choice to develop nuclear power, which is one of the practical approaches to carbon emission reduction. This paper compares the situations of nuclear power development and technology as well as resources both in the world and in China. The results indicate that there still has a long way to go for China's nuclear power industry not only in the total installed capacity but in the share of nuclear electricity, even the country has began to develop its nuclear power industry since 1970s. In reference to technique, all the generators of both in operation and under construction in China belong to the second generation technique, namely pressure water reactor. In the meantime, all the nuclear power stations in China are located in east coastal area, where the economy is thriving while energy is scarce. More importantly, China has a poor image in uranium resource, and to improve the country's resource supply in the future will rely on both the domestic and the international markets.

Based on the mechanism decomposition method, mechanisms of sediment transport in Nanhui tidal flat have been assessed with field data. The traditional mechanism decomposition method was improved in this study by dividing the suspended sediment into 4 groups (62.5～250μm, 16～62.5μm, 3.9～16μm, 0.5～3.9μm) according to the grain size and analyzing each group separately.  The results reveal that the transport of suspended sediment of different groups was controlled by different mechanisms. The transport of clay and fine silt was controlled by advection terms and tidal pumping terms. With respect to the transport of coarse silt and fine sand, tidal pumping terms and shear diffusion terms caused by the variation in the form of the vertical profiles of velocity and suspended sediment concentration both played main roles. Meanwhile, by comparing the main mechanisms contributing to the sediment transport of the same group in different water depths, it is found that the contribution of tidal pumping terms decreased sharply when suspended sediment was transported from deepwater area to shallow water area, and the trend didn't change with the variation in the tide type and grain size

A preliminary analysis on the diel and distributional abundance patterns of fish eggs and larvae was carried based on ichthyoplankton samples collected at Luzhou,Luohuang,Yidu and Wuxue sections of main stream of the Yangtze River during 2007 and 2009 respectively.It turned out that there was no clear diel difference in drifting densities of fish eggs and larvae at Luzhou and Luohuang sections.However,there were distinct diel differences in the drifting densities of eggs and larvae at Yidu section.There were significant differences 〖WTBX〗(n=38，p〖WTBZ〗=000) between the drifting density of fish eggs in 06〖DK〗∶00 (mean density was 1302 ind. /100m3) and in 18〖DK〗∶00 (mean density was 328 ind./100m3),while the highest drifting density of larvae was found in 22〖DK〗∶00.And a significant diel difference was found in drifting densities of fish larvae at Wuxue section 〖WTBX〗(n=62，p=000)〖WTBZ〗,the average density at 08〖DK〗∶00（8621 ind./100m3） was clearly greater than at 18〖DK〗∶00（4485 ind./100m3）.In Yidu location,the drifting densities of different species showed speciesspecific difference. The eggs of 〖WTBX〗Hemiculter bleekeri〖WTBZ〗 (Warpachowski),〖WTBX〗Ctenopharyngodon idellus〖WTBZ〗 and 〖WTBX〗Xenocypris argentea〖WTBZ〗 were mainly collected in daytime,〖WTBX〗Aristichthys nobilis〖WTBZ〗 and 〖WTBX〗Hypophthalmichthys molitrix 〖WTBZ〗were mainly collected in the night,while 〖WTBX〗Parabotia fasciata〖WTBZ〗 and 〖WTBX〗Parabramis pekinensis〖WTBZ〗 were collected all daylong. Larvae of most fishes were collected in the night,while the species from Pseudolaubuca were mostly collected in daytime.According to the capture time and the development stages of fish eggs,the peak spawning period of the four Chinese major carps were during nighttime.The spawning time of 〖WTBX〗Hemiculter bleekeri〖WTBZ〗 was concentrated in first half of the night,〖WTBX〗Xenocypris argentea〖WTBZ〗 and 〖WTBX〗Culter alburnus〖WTBZ〗 were concentrated in midnight,while 〖WTBX〗Parabotia fasciata〖WTBZ〗 and 〖WTBX〗Parabramis pekinensis〖WTBZ〗 could be spawning all daylong.Speciesspecific diel abundance patterns and their causes must be considered when designing effective sampling programs for fish embryos and larvae

The Three Gorges Dam(TGD) changes the water source of estuary area，which may influence the dynamics of watersalt in estuary areas. We analyzed the possible impact of the 2006 water storing process to the downstream areas. Water storing decreased about 4 000 m3/s of the flow in the Yangtze River. Compared with the lowest runoff, water flow dropped about 333%. Taking the flow loss into consideration, we found a runoff time series that is similar to storing period in 2006. The Yangtze River water, groundwater and soil salt content in 2006 were greater than those during similar time series, and the Yangtze River water EC and soil salinity increased about 45% and 10% respectively. Decline in water flow influences the dynamics of all the watersalt element in a certain extent, that is to say, the TGD can be estimated as an important factor in the process that influenced the watersalt change in the estuary region.〖

Composition of bacterial community was investigated through directly extracted the environmental DNA and sequencing cloned 16S rRNA from the water in the Lao Ye Miao area of Lake Poyang.The relationship between the bacterial community and water physicalchemical characteristics of Lake Poyang was discussed.From October in 2006 and May in 2007 clone libraries，one hundred and eighty bacterial clones were classified into sixtysix operational taxonomic units (OTUs), most of which were affiliated to Alpha, Beta, Gamma, EpsilonProteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria ,Planctomycetes, OP10, and Acidobacteria. BetaProteobacteria was the most significant lineage in 2006 October library, while GammaProteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the most significant lineages in 2007 May library indicating that the bacterial community composition has seasonal characteristics. Phylogenetic analysis further showed that bacterial composition was highly similar with uncultured bacteria from freshwater and soil ecosystems, partial which related to degradation function

When the dam discharges water, huge flood takes a lot of gases and rushes down to the lower riverbed, which makes the total dissolved gas supersaturated especially near the dam area and has negative effect on downstream aquatic life. The gas bubble disease of fish is the typical symptom caused by gas supersaturation. In order to investigate the influence of dam discharge to the dissolved oxygen saturation in downstream, based on the measured data of the Three GorgesGezhouba Dam area in downstream near the dam the BP network prediction model of dissolved oxygen saturation was built. At the same time, the paper used the BP prediction model to simulate the dam downstream dissolved oxygen saturation at the different operating conditions of the dam. Through the comparison between the result of simulation to measured data and the result of numerical simulation, it was confirmed that BP network model could be a good approximation to the dissolved oxygen saturation in the appointed area of the dam downstream. By use of the BP network model，it can be predicted that the dissolved oxygen saturation of the dam downstream by different operation conditions of dam. So this model can provide the reference for the effective control of dissolved oxygen saturation in the downstream of the dam

Many related physical and chemical parameters of surface and inner water body at the typical profiles of backwater area over the intersected segment of Three Gorge Reservoir and Xiaojiang River were measured from Sept.2009 to Apr.2010.And carbon dioxide partial pressure of water body in this region was calculated using hydrochemical balance model from the hydrochemical parameters mentioned above.Then the spatial and temporal distribution of carbon dioxide partial pressure in this region was acquired from this method and observed data.After analyzing the related parameters of the water quality and the CO2 separate pressure the correlation coefficient was obtained and pointed out the relationship between CO2 separate pressure and water carbon cycle.The study could provide a representative case for Three Gorge Reservoir and other homologous reservoirs by analyzing the spatial and temporal distributed characteristics of carbon dioxide partial pressure over the typical backwater area of Three Gorge Reservoir and Xiaojiang River basin,and it also played a key role for further studying greenhouse gas emission from reservoirs

Three undisturbed sediment cores (XX02,XX06 and XX08 located at the upper,middle and lower stream of Xiangxi Bay,respectively) and one surface (XXCJ located at the main stream of the Yangtze River,near the right bank of the river)),were acquired in March,2010.The environmental factors were measured on the spot,and the analysis of grainsize,minerals and metal element content were carried out in the lab.Chlorite,illite and quartz account for~65% of all minerals in sediments.Values of pH and Eh profiles from sediment cores are decrease with increasing depth.Contents of heavy metal elements are in the order of Zn>Cu>Pb>Ni>As>Cd at XX02 and CJXX,but Zn>Cu>Ni>Pb>As>Cd at XX06 and XX08, which shows a relatively reducing contents of Pb and Cu.Factor analysis shows that contents of metal element increase with the smaller grainsize and higher contents of chlorite and illite,and decrease with higher contents of quartz and dolomite.Contents of heavy metal elements in sediment samples have a close relation to the responding pH values,which may indicate metal elements are released into the environment under the situation of a lowering pH value. Contents of the heavy metal elements in the sediments at lower stream of Xiangxi Bay are much higher than those at middle and upper stream.The samples from XX02 and CJXX have better relationship according to the clustering analysis.Sediments are free from contamination or lightly contaminated by heavy metals,and the latter appears in the lower river and the main river.The contents of heavy metal in sediments from Xiangxi Bay follow Zn>Pb>Cu >As>Cd before the impoundment of Three Gorges Reservoir.However,contents of Cu in sediments from both Xiangxi Bay and the mainstream of the Yangtze River are higher than those of Pb after the impoundment of Three Gorges Reservoir

In order to study nonpoint source nutrient from Xiangxi River,considering the characteristics of the land use and the basin network,establishing the regular quality monitoring and hydrographic control section respectively in 3 major branches and upstream main channel.According to the water quality and quantity monitoring data,studying the spatial and temporal variation of the water quality from the upstream and the flux output process during raining,distinguishing the contribution of nonpoint and point source pollution load by digital filtering technology.The results demonstrate:controlled by agriculture nonpoint source pollution,TN is in GL＞GF＞NY,because of the point source pollution from P enterprise,TP is in NY＞GL＞GF; the correlation coefficient of flow and rainfall is 0720 2;annual load ratio of TN and TP is 61% and 40%,during raining,the TN and TP contribution from nonpoint source pollution is 752% and 709%;the pollution load is decided by the runoff,the correlation of TN/TP load and runoff is that TN is 0963 6,and TP is 0978 9

Urban waterfront is often the most dynamic and prosperous district. Meanwhile,urban waterfront can reflect the landscape characteristics and cultural connotation of the city most.Because of the economic mobility to the development of city,the government pays more attention to economic interests in making plan and promoting development,while ignore the ecological sustainability and the public interest.Landscape conservation of urban waterfront is not just the problem of design stage.We should regulate the industrial function,cultural spirit and social activity from the level of legal system.So it need the planning department to maintain the integration and overall situation of the city landscape,but the legal department should improve the law,remodel the rule of law and ecological goals,and form a complete legal system of landscape conservation of urban waterfront.It is necessary for the planning department to realize legal guarantee from protective exploitation of waterfront land resource,regulation of waterfront traffic pattern and conservation of waterfront historical culture landscape

This article overviewed current research situation of emergencies and typical cases of China at the present stage,studied the process of incidents evolution,proposed that the whole process of emergency intervention and social factors as an important aspect of water pollution evolution.On this basis,this article analyzed the major dynamic factors of evolution of water pollution incidents,construction of the dynamic factors system of incidents evolution by applying disaster theory,emergency management and environmental science.Finally,this article built the evolution model of water pollution emergency incidents from the view of system analysis.The results show that social factors and emergency interventions promote the evolution of water pollution incidents;the evolution of water pollution emergency incidents exists phased;dynamic factors at different stages are different;water pollution incidents emergency management with multitargeted,single target emergency management cannot effectively control the evolution of water pollution incidents. Studying the evolution mechanism of water pollution emergency incidents,we can provide important theoretical basis for the government to take effective early warning measures and emergency decision at early stage

Recently the accidental water pollution happened frequently in China.The safety of water quality of the Yangtze River,one of the most important water resources in China,is threatened by multiple industrial enterprises along the river,in which the pollution accidents may possibly break out.As a result,it is important to develop the forecasting and warning research of the accidental water pollution effect of Nanjing Industrial and Chemical Park.Based on the EFDC and WASP,a forecasting model for the accidental water pollution effect in Nanjing Industrial and Chemical Park was developed.The functionality of the model was illustrated through an emergency scenario of toluene spilling in the Long Xiang enterprise.The result shows that the forecasting model proposed is capable of rapid simulation and forecasting for water environmental behavior of contaminants released in water pollution accidents;besides,the range and extent of the accident effect can be displayed in real time in the form of animation on the GIS layer.The research is utilized to aid decisionmaking for accidental water pollution warning and rehearsing in Nanjing Industrial and Chemical Park.The 2dimension water dynamic model can precisely describe the hydrodynamic field in study area.The toluene released in the scenario was diluting and diffusing rapidly in the study area and influenced dramatically due to volatilization.Compared with lowwater period,the meanwater period was more advantageous in the attenuation of toluene in water

The construction of Ya'anKangding highway has great significance on the establishment of the economic corridor from Sichuan province to Tibet Autonomous Region.It also has great importance on the opening and development of the region from Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture to the whole Tibet area. Since the highway will pass through the buffer zone of the world natural heritage of Sichuan giant panda sanctuaries(SGPS),it may have negative impacts on the SGPS in the processes of construction.It is necessary to clarify the potential influences of the construction to the SGPS,in order to handle the relationship between the highway and the world natural heritage protection appropriately.Based on the field investigations,interviews and profile maps on the relationship between the highway and the heritage,the potential influence of the highway on the SGPS was analyzed.The results showed that the highway would not have direct impact on the authenticity and integrity of the SGPS.However,it would cause obvious disturbance to the natural landscape by the geological engineering exploration of the Er'lang Mountain tunnel and the construction and maintenance of the ventilation shaft groups.Several measurements for the highway construction were proposed to protect the world natural heritage of SGPS

For the assessment of the impact of health risk caused by αHCH in the atmosphere,use daily concentrations of αHCH in atmospheric of 2005 which was simulated by CanMETOP to do the studies which based on inhalation factors and cancer risk.The result shows annual αHCH intake fraction has a geographical features which is eastern>western,northern>southern.The intake fractions of middleeast and northeast regions are mainly contributed by population density and αHCH concentrations in the atmosphere.The individual health loss in east and southeast are less than in northeast.The monthly distribution of intake fraction in middleeast and southeast are more equable,but in the northeast region it is mainly in summer.The coefficient of individual cancer risk in northeast region was significantly higher than the central and south.Based on the analysis above we can get a conclusion that the exposure risk which caused by other pollutants has similar temporal and spatial distribution.Besides the factors such as the wet deposition and the rise of temperature which caused by precipitation in summer of northeast region,these make feeding exposure and skin contact exposure increasing,so the compound exposure of northeast population will be significantly higher than other areas