By employing energy analysis and local ecological footprint method,this paper attempts to improve the traditional ecological footprint method with a proposal of transferring energy flows in renewable resources and social consumption to the corresponding biological productive units.In this paper,the calculation of the local ecological footprint method was optimized.That is,consumption accounts was revised considering of trade so as to be close to reality.The paper worked out that the ecological capacity per capita of Zhejiang Province in 2007 was 1174 1 hm2.The ecological footprint per capita was 3946 2 hm2.The ecological deficit per capita was 2772 1 hm2 and the ecological footprint of per 1×104 yuan GDP was 1.063 2 hm^2.This paper also conducted a vertical comparison of the indicators from the year of 2000 to 2008 so as to illustrate its development trend. Taken as a standard,the indicators of 2007 were compared with those in some regions with the further effort to expound Zhejiang’s sustainable development. With calculation and the reality of Zhejiang Province,new resources use models like rain collection and tidal energy exploitation were put forward in this paper. It was encouraged to save energy, and advised to develop forestry and processing of forest products and to develop aquatic products breeding and processing. Resource utilization efficiency of Zhejiang Province was considered high

As the nuclear power plants improving rapidly, there is a great space for the development of nuclear industry chain. Jiangxi Province has a lot of advantages in expanding the nuclear industry chain as one of the biggest uranium bases in China. It has nuclear industry chain system already, and has EastChina Institute of Technology (ECIT)——the university has almost all the major related to nuclear science and engineering, with stable geography condition and abundant water resource. It is suitable for nuclear power plant site. If Jiangxi makes efforts to cultivate nuclear industry positively, takes measures such as cooperating with the related government authority, improving the local policy, pays more attention to the cultivation of the nuclear human resources, expanding the nuclear technology application area in agriculture，developing the nuclear heating industry properly, it will get a new growth area in the economy

The relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth is becoming a hot issue in China. Studing the relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth can help to achieve the carbon reduction targets in 2020.Based on the data of carbon emissions in China and economic growth from 1953 to 2008,this paper used cointegration,error correction model and Granger causality to study the relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth.The results show that it exists longrun equilibrium relationship (cointegration relationship) between carbon emissions and economic growth in the longrun,economic growth increased by 1%,carbon emissions will increase by 036%,that is to say the longterm flexibility from carbon emissions to economic growth is 036.At the same time,it exists dynamic adjustment mechanism in the shortrun.The nonequilibrium error terms ensure the existence of longrun equilibrium relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth.Error correction coefficient is negative(－0669 4) and the direction of adjustment meets the error correction mechanism. The fitting result of this model is also ideal.Granger causality results show that it exists mutual causal relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth on the whole.To reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions, and decouple between carbon emissions and economic growth, the stratege of developing lowcarbon economy, improving energy efficiency, developing nonfossil energy was put forward. 

Using a panel data of 30 provinces of China over the period of 1995~2008 and the STIRPAT model,this paper analysed the impact of urbanization on carbon emissions.The results show that urbanization led to the increase of carbon emissions,and the increase rate of carbon emissions was higher than that of urbanization itself.The urbanization process would continue to amplify the increase of carbon emissions.Urbanization quadratic coefficient was positive.It means that it does not yet exist environment Kuznets curve.Meanwhile,in order to study the regional development heterogeneity,this paper divided China into 4 groups of regions by the level of urbanization,and empirical analysis was carried out in each group of regions.It was found that in an area the lower base level of urbanization,the greater impact of carbon emissions;the urbanization promote faster,the greater impact of carbon emissions.Moreover,the industrial structure and energy intensity were the important determinants of carbon emissions.In view of these,some policy recommendations were proposed

In recent years,the energysaving and emissionreduction have been playing more and more important role in every country for the sustainability of the energy and environment.Of all the energy consumers,the enterprise is the most essential one,so it is useful to improve their willingness for the energysaving and emissionreduction through finding out the influence factors of enterprises willingness for the energysaving and emissionreduction. In this paper, a survey questionnaire of perceived support for the energysaving and emissionreduction including 32 items was developed at first, based on literature research and the deep interviews of 12 enterprises that had behaved the energysaving and emissionreduction. Then 300 enterprises were surveyed with different registration,size,industry,time to construct and enter this industry,return level,certification system and the leaders' education degree from Jiangxi and Jiangsu provinces.Exploratory Factor Analysis showed that their perceived support contains four factors of 14 items: support for sustainable development,governmental support,support for performance,social and environmental support,which can explain 8126% of the whole variance.Reliability tests was computed that the coefficient α was from 0807 to 0919 and the splithalf reliability from 0813 to 0921.The correlation coefficient between factors and summation was higher than that between other factors.It concluded that the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were excellent and the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the factor validity of this questionnaire

As an important part of construction land, industrial land intensive use has effect on the management of urban land.Evaluation of land intensive use from industrial land makes for explaining the current state and differences between various industrial land intensive uses,which can provide some references for efficient land use.As a case study of development areas in Jiangsu Province,we established the index system,including exploitation level,land use structure,land use intensity,land use benefits and resource consume with 5 subgoals and 14 indices,in order to evaluate the industrial land intensive use with RAGAAHP.The results indicate that high weight precision and global convergence can be acquired with RAGAAHP.The different of industrial land intensive use is remarkable as a whole in Jiangsu Province.The land use intensity of development areas in northern Jiangsu is less than that of southern and middle Jiangsu.However,there are little differences between southern and middle Jiangsu.The land use intensity of hightech development areas is more than other kinds of development areas.In addition,the land use intensity shows remarkable differences between national development areas with regard to the kinds of development areas

It is of great significance to do the research on the theory, method and empirical study of performance evaluation of land consolidation projects (LCPs) in China, with the popularization of new public management concept and the importance of land consolidation in social economic development in our country. This paper defined the performance content of land consolidation project in depth, constructed the LCPs performance evaluation index system based on the "processes logic" framework, and constructed the matterelement model to evaluation on the comprehensive performance of LCP in Shizhu Town in Yongkang County. The research results show that the project comprehensive performance was “worse” and the comprehensive performance value was 0.014 4.The results of performance level of single index show that only four indices were in the level of “above good”, one was in “general” and the others were in “worse” level. The deep research found that nine factors, such as “the increasing rate of cultivated land area”, “the raising rate of land use” and so on,had influence on the level of performance. Therefore, the land consolidation management sector of Yongkang County should take the relative measures to improve performance level of the land consolidation projects in future

Travel cost method (TCM) is a relatively mature approach to evaluate recreational value.Based on the idea of zonal travel cost method (ZTCM) and travel cost interval analysis (TCIA),the recreational value of Putuo Golden Triangle (PGT) was assessed in the base year 2008 with the collected datum from PGT by survey,questionnaire and interview.The results showed that:(1) The annual recreational value by ZTCM was 6396×108 Yuan RMB.Direct travel cost was 5071×108 Yuan RMB and consumer surplus was 1325×108 Yuan RMB.(2)The annual recreation value by TCIA was 6124×108 Yuan RMB.Direct travel cost was 5051×108 Yuan RMB and consumer surplus was 1073×108 Yuan RMB.(3) The differences of recreational value results were caused by two kinds of different total consumer surplus. The study suggests that the accuracy of the assessment results can be improved by using the mean of two methods results

The willingness to pay (WTP) values of the conservation of old and famous trees in Jiuhua Mountain Scenic Area was measured by contingent valuation method (CVM),and theier influence factors were analyzed.The payment card and singlebounded dichotomous choice question formats were used,which were more popular than the others of the contingent valuation method. The results indicated that 838% of the respondents thought that we ought to protect old and famous trees,while only 302% of the respondents were satisfied with the current situation. Under the payment card format,the mean WTP value of conserving old and famous trees in Jiuhua Mountain Scenic Area was RMB 808 yuan per capita per month and the total economic value was 1500×108 yuan for the tourists of Jiuhua Mountain Scenic Area in 2010.Under singlebounded dichotomous choice format,the mean value of WTP to old and famous trees conservation in Jiuhua Mountain Scenic Area was 954 yuan per capita per month and the total economic value was 4598×108 yuan.The significant variables of influencing the result of the payment card are age,education,annual income and vocation, while the main factor for the singlebounded dichotomous choice format was annual income.Comparing this result to that of the first study three months ago,the WTP of PC2 was higher than PC1 with 062 yuan per capita per month,while the WTP of DC2 was higher than DC1 with 173 yuan per capita per month.There was no significant discrepancy between the two studies, which gives good reproducibility and reliability to this study

The investigation on the vine diversity of Nanyue Nature Reserve of Hunan was presented in this paper. Results show: there are 282 species (including varieties) belonging to 129 genera of 59 families in Nanyue Nature Reserve, of which 6 species belonging to 5 genera of 3 families of ferns, 250 species of 112 genera in 50 families of dicotyledons, 26 species of 12 genera in 6 families of monocotyledon in this area. However, gymnosperm is absent from this area. The photogeographic elements which can be divided into 8 areatypes of family, 12 areatypes of genera and 11 areatypes of species are complex. They are the major tropical,and some temperate one,indicating the transition area of the tropic to the temperate one. Woody vine occupies 60.64% of the plant life forms; nevertheless, herb vine and annual vine take up 3936% and 14.41%, respectively. Climbing types can be divided into 4 types of 9 subtypes, of which the twining type is the majority and occupies 37.94%. The adhering type occupies 23.05% and can be divided 3 subtypes: the adventitious root adhering, adhesive adhering and paraste. The curling type occupies 20.93% being divided into 3 subtypes: the tendril curling, petiol curling and branch curling. The thorn creepen occupies 18.09% being divided into 2 subtypes of shoot creeper and hook thorn

Studies on effects of culturing density on behavior and immunity of the Chinese sturgeon 〖WTBX〗Acipenser sinensis〖WTBZ〗 and the effects on the water quality of their living pool were reported in this paper.Six wild sturgeons and 62 offsprings were cultured in three different living densities of 27,24 and 20 kg/m3 respectively in Beijing Aquarium between 2008 and 2009.Behavioral observation showed that the distribution of swimminglevel of fish changed at different culturing densities,and the behavior of younger fish changed more frequently.The sturgeon’s appetite didn’t show much difference in different densities.Swimming speed and respiratory frequency of wild sturgeons and #F11998 didn’t changed either.On the other hand,SOD,SOD/MDA and GSHPX of serum of #F11998 decreased,while MDA increased at the density of 27 kg/m3.The older fish including wild and #F11998 were infected by bacteria at the densities of 27 and 24 kg/m3 when the total bacteria numbers were continuously higher than 8 000 cfu/100 ml.With the decrease of density,NH3/NH4-,NO2- and turbidity did not fluctuated significantly,NO3-,PO43- and total bacteria number declined,while DO and pH increased,and there were significant differences (〖WTBX〗p〖WTBZ〗＜001) among these parameters at the three different densities.NO3-,PO43- and total bacteria numbers were positively correlated significantly with the density.These results indicate that the effect of the environmental capacity on the aquatic microbial communities and the fish immunity is significant when the sturgeons are cultured in recirculated water system.An optimal culturing density is drawn at 20 kg/m3 from this study

Wetlands are rich in biological diversity and high productivity of the ecosystem,they play an important role in ecosystem carbon cycle.Wetland vegetation net primary productivity(NPP)is an important indicator of the health of wetland ecosystems.In this paper,combined with field surveys,laboratory measurement and remote sensing technology,the three kinds of typical wetland vegetation——〖WTBX〗Spartina alterniflora,Phragmites australis〖WT〗 and 〖WTBX〗Scirpus mariqueter〖WT〗 NPP were studied in Shanghai Chongming Dongtan.Firstly,selected three kinds of typical wetland vegetation type,the biological characteristics parameters of the vegetation was surveyed,including fresh weight of vegetation,height,density,coverage and leaf area index(LAI),etc..The regression model between NPP and LAI was set up in the sample of different vegetation type.Secondly,using SPOT5 images,after geometric correction and radiometric calibration,the image was classified by objectoriented,and modified adjust soil vegetation index(MSAVI)was calculated,which can reflect the elimination of soil and vegetation characteristics of the background factors.Then estimation LAI model was set up with SPOT5 MSAVI.Finally,according the NPP regression model and LAI estimation model,different wetland vegetation NPP model was set up at regional scale in Chongming Dongtan.It provides a good method and theoretical base for typical wetland vegetation structure and function.

In this paper,Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+ images taken on 46 different dates were used to pick up the emersed grassland of Poyang Lake in 1983~2009.We suggested the emersed grassland which appeared in one date was the grassland,got the potential grassland map，and analyzed the distribution of the emersed grassland.The correlation between the emersed grassland and the water level indicated the distribution range was significantly affected by water level:high water level,the majority of grassland flooded;low water level,the majority of grassland exposed.Furthermore,it also was affected by meteorological factors,the water level change process and etc.The area of the emersed grassland had obvious seasonal change:in spring and summer when the vegetation grows,the area dropped off,but in autumn and winter,the area increased.The maximum area was in January,the minimum was in July.The total area of potential grassland reached 2 441 km2,mainly distributed in the west bank,accounted 695% of the whole lake.The distribution feature of the increasing in the emersed grassland area was from the lakeshore to the middle with the flood to the low water

The paper,by examining the main water quality targets and collecting the columnar sample of the sediments,studied on the issue of nitrogen & phosphorus content and phosphatase activity at different depths in the zones with or without macrophytes growing in Lake Luoma,and explored the impact of macrophytes on nitrogen & phosphorus and phosphatase activity in the Luoma ecosystem.The results show that:(1) The transparency of the overlying water in the macrophytes growing zone is 19 times of that of the control area (CK),however,the Kjeldahl nitrogen (KN) and dissolved nitrogen (DN) in the grass area are lower than that of the control area (CK).Variance Analysis shows that the difference between the two areas is significant (〖WTBX〗p〖WTBZ〗≤001);(2) The growth of macrophytes can reduce phosphatase activity.Generally,the acid (alkaline) phosphatase activity of the sediments at different depths in the grass area is lower than that of the control area (CK),however,reaching the highest at the surface;(3) The phosphorus (TP) content of the sediments at different depths in the grass area is lower than that of the control area (CK),but the Kjeldahl nitrogen (KN) content in the surface sediment is higher than that of the control area (CK )

With strong impacts from human activities,hydrological cycles are exhibiting a dualistic structure (natural and artificial). As a result,the functionality of water ecosystem service also shows dualistic characteristics,which poses a challenge to research on quantitative assessment and driving mechanism of service functionalities.Based on analysis of connotation of dualistic hydrological cycle and water ecosystem service functionalities,and present research situation of home and abroad,problems in recent studies are identified.Besides,driving mechanism of water ecosystem service functionalities caused by natural water cycle and accompanying process,as well as social water cycle process,are analyzed.And a quadrilateral computation pattern with single process and single objective was put forward.Based on multiprocess and multifeedback characteristic of dualistic water cycle crossimpact on water ecosystem service functionalities,service assessment index system under dualistic hydrological cycle mode applied to different types of water ecosystem,such as river,reservoirand wetland,was presented.Combined with existing problems of present research,it is put forward that research on assessment method and driving forces needed strengthening

Chemical stabilization was a practical technique which uses inexpensive amendments to reduce heavymetal availability in polluted soil.This paper evaluated the effects of application of several amendments (lime,furnace slag and straw) on the immobile efficiency of heavy metals such as Cu，Cd and Zn and soil respiration rate (index for soil microbial activity) in a mine tailing soil in Tongling City.The results showed the application of the amendments significantly increased soil respiration rate(p<0.05) and enhanced soil microbial activity,and decreased the amount of available heavy metals such as Cu，Cd and Zn (p<0.05) except the weak immobile efficiency of lime and furnace slag on Cu,and straw on Cd and Zn,individually.Of all selected amendments,lime,furnace slag and straw coexisted in soil displayed the most satisfactory immobile efficiency of about 94.28%,78.10% and 98.57% for Cu，Cd and Zn,respectively.Analysis with Pearson’s correlation coefficient further indicated that amendment of alkaline materials and organic matters both in soil had better immobile ability for heavy metals,advancing soil microbial activity,and improved microbial toxicitytolerance ability on heavy metals. It could be a good choice to use mixed alkaline materials and organic matters to restore heavymetals contaminated soil in practice

Remote Sensing (RS),Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) technologies were used to do landscape classification and mapping along the Yongji highway before and after its construction.Furthermore,several landscape indices in landscape and patch levels were calculated and analyzed in Fragstats33（landscape structure analysis program）,and landscape ecological methods were used in the study of landscape pattern change.Results were as follows.In patch level,conifer class area (CA) decreased,and 257% of the land area converted to highway, nonirrigated farmland area reduced mostly,but dominant patch type showed no change.In landscape level, patch number (NP) and patch density (PD) increased but largest patch index (LPI) decreased which means the landscape heterogeneity increased.Buffer analyses in different scales showed that the construction of Yongji highway impacted landscape patterns most seriously within the buffer of 500 meters.The method provided in this paper is practicable in environmental assessment and road network planning in the future

Evaluating highway construction environmental impact scientifically and rationally is the prerequisite for dealing with the relationship between highway constructing and ecological environment protection,and the sustainable development. In this paper,it analyses current highway technical specifications,and suggests an environmental impact evaluation index system and evaluation method for highway design scheme comparison.It chooses 5 items,route design,bridge design,tunnel design,protection engineering and temporary,and 17 indices to evaluate,and put forward each evaluation criterion based on specifications and statistical data.In order to reflect the subjectivity of classification and the objectivity of data,analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is applied to calculate the weight of the subsystem,and the entropy is for the weight of the indices.The result shows that the lever of this highway environment impact is close to medium grade，which is matched with the fact.It indicates that the evaluation method is feasible.

Because of the fragility of ecological environment and the influences of human activities,ecoenvironmental problems in karst regions are serious.It’s necessary to identify the sensitive region that is prone to be degraded for ecological restoration and rehabilitation. Based on GIS,four sensitivity factors,that is,water and soil loss,rocky desertification,acid rain,and bioinhabitation,were selected to assess the ecoenvironmental sensitivity.The degree of ecological sensitivity and their spatial distribution in karst regions of southwest China were explored with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and comprehensive index.The results showed that the sensitivity of water and soil loss,rocky desertification and acid rain was generally high.More than 60% of karst regions were moderate and even more sensitive to water and soil loss sensitivity,rocky desertification,and acid rain sensitivity;while the sensitivity of bioinhabitation was relatively low, with the proportion of 40% of insensitivity.Our study indicates that the sensitivity of ecoenvironment in karst regions of southwest China was high;more than 80% of karst regions are moderate and even more sensitive regions.The insensitive regions were mainly distributed in middle and south Hunan,southeast Hubei,karst peak forest plain of middle Guangxi,intermountain basin and valley of Yunnan and Guizhou. Geological setting,topography and climatic factors were the dominant factors affected the regional ecoenvironment sensitivity

Using synoptic analysis and statistical methods,the paper analyzed the major climate characteristics of Wuhan city during the durative sleeting and freezing process with low temperature in 2008,in order to quantitatively evaluate the influences of meteorological factors on city urban transportation.Using the daily outage data of public traffic lines（including bus, ferry and steam ferry）of Wuhan city from Jan 12th to Feb 3rd,the paper defined the effect degree of public traffic during the durative sleeting and freezing process with low temperature.In term of statistical analysis,the key meteorological factors,key period and critical value of low temperature were found,and meteorological evaluation model was set up.The results show that during the durative sleeting and freezing process with low temperature,initial period was one of the key periods when the public traffic suffers from effect,and the relation between the effect degree and snow depth was closest.In three vehicles including bus,ferry and steam ferry,the relation between the effect degree of bus and meteorological factors was closest.The critical value of low temperature was 17℃,and it could cause obvious effect on bus of Wuhan city.The impact is all right that abovementioned conclusions were put to use in the actual evaluation operation of meteorological disasters

Risk zoning of flood disaster is the base of flood risk management.The advance in resolution of data can guide flood control，and flood insurance in a macroscopic view is available.Taking the catchment area along Xiangjiang River in Hunan Province as an example,and on the basis of elementary principles of natural disasters risk assessment,calculative model was established to obtain comprehensive flood disaster risk value which was computed by the integrated dangerous degree and comprehensive socioeconomic vulnerability.Based on 30 m ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) data,climate data from 37 meteorological stations during 1971 to 2006,and 2008 socioeconomic statistic data,with the support of ArcGIS and quantitative geoscience methods,the regionalization map of comprehensive risk of flood disaster in study area was drawn by calculating proportion of risk areas.The regionalization map divided general risk assessed results mainly into four grades,that is,the lower risk region,moderate risk region,higher risk region and the highest risk regions.The results show that the highest integrated dangerous degree of flood disaster areas are mainly distributed in Xiangyin and ChangZhuTan region which along the lower reaches of Xiangjiang River.The highest comprehensive socioeconomic vulnerability areas is distributed in urban that in high population density.Xiangyin,ChangshaZhuzhouXiangtan and Hengyang belong to the highest comprehensive flood disaster risk areas.The results can provide quantitatively theoretic basis for environmental management and ecological risk decisionmaking