With the process of globalization,the competition among the ports,shipping lines and terminal operators to get more container traffic has been intense. To get more container traffic,some ports have been making a great effort to be a logistic hub to increase their competitive advantage.Under the circumstances,port backup area has attracted much attention in recent years as an important function area.This article took Shanghai Waigaoqiao Port and the adjacent Free Trade Zone as a complete regional system,and got the quantitative evaluation of the comprehensive effect of the interactive development between port backup area and city by calculating the mean associative degree (MAD) from 1995 to 2007.It found that MAD in 1995 was 0.663 81,which was relatively high, and then there appeared a steady tendency to drop.In 1998,MAD was 0.598 16,followed a steady tendency to rise.In 2000,MAD reached 0.676 67.But then an evident drop took place.In 2001,MAD reached its minimum 0.552 48,and then there was an evident rise tendency.In 2003,MAD reached its maximum  0.708 89,followed a steady tendency to drop again.In 2005,MAD reached 0.576 09,and then an evident rise tendency.In 2007,MAD reached 0.705 01.According to these results,the authors hold that there were two obvious features of the effect. (1) On the whole,the effect of interactive development is relatively notability.(2) There are obvious differences for the change tendencies of the effect from 1995.The main factors that leading to the dynamic characteristics mentioned above include the expansion of the scale of construction and operation of port backup area, the reinforcement of service connection and the resulting influence on urban transport, environment and so on. From the perspective of the city, with the strategic cooperation between Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone and Yangshan Bonded Port Area, the effect of interactive development between port backup area and city will continue to strengthen

The Wuhan urban agglomeration is the important region of construction of resource saving and environment friendly oriented society of China,and the significant pivot of the strategic of central China rise abruptly.But in nowadays, there are still some problems in the spatial structure of the Wuhan urban agglomeration, which would do some harmful effects in the development process of the whole urban agglomeration.To explore the spatial structure of the Wuhan urban agglomeration,a series of methods were applied in this study:a mathematical analysis to ascertain the framework of cities in this urban agglomeration, a research on the completed areas expansion and population density based on the grid analysis to ascertain the historic evolution process of this urban agglomeration. It has been identified that a single nucleus model could be the best model to suit the spatial structure. The single nucleus model, which is composed by a large nucleus city and several cluster cities, can be utilized to grow up powerful nucleus, speed up the expansion of nuclear city, but it isn't beneficial to the growth of the cluster cities and the longterm development of whole urban agglomeration. On that base, some preliminary ideas which can optimize the spatial structure of the Wuhan urban agglomeration were introduced, including combining cluster cities into developing centers, enhancing the main functions of some cities, etc

Liquid biomass fuel reveals the externality in its developing process.The indirect social benefit shall be paid more attention by Chinese Government,and it is also a major factor for the development of this industry.This paper introduced the concept of indirect social benefit for the development of liquid biomass fuel industry.Objectively,the additional economic value mainly derives from the positively direct implement of ecological environment when people is planting,collecting raw materials and consuming products.After analyzing the allocation of raw materials of biomass fuel and detailing the collection of raw materials,an estimation regarding the additional economic value was made.If China develops liquid biomass fuel industry in the future 20 years,by 2015,the indirect social benefits will reach 100 billion yuan of above,even better,it will breaks through 1 trillion yuan in 2030.It will bring enormous economic and social value,from this scenario,the development of biomass fuel industry is necessary.

Balijiang section is one of the most important habitats for Yangtze finless porpoise in the Yangtze River.The abundance and distribution of porpoises in this area was investigated by 10 line transect surveys between July,2005 and May,2008.Survey length amounts to 1 460.2 km with 374 sightings in total.Based on our findings,the mean densities over 10 surveys were 0.67 porpoises/km2 (range:0.10~1.28 porpoises/km2,〖WTBX〗s〖WTBZ〗=0.41) and 1.75 porpoises/km2 (range:0.62~3.0 porpoises/km2,〖WTBX〗s〖WTBZ〗=0.72),respectively in the upper and lower stratifications,and their corresponding mean abundances were 37 porpoises (range:5~71 porpoise,〖WTBX〗s〖WTBZ〗=23) and 52 porpoises (range:22~78 porpoises,〖WTBX〗s 〖WTBZ〗=17).Overall,the mean abundance in Balijiang section was approximately 90 porpoises and seasonal estimates might fluctuate around this number (range:44~121 porpoises,〖WTBX〗s 〖WTBZ〗=24).This population is still declining by comparing with the historical survey results,however,the current study failed to detect the trends of this population statistically over 3years study period.According to the variations and occurrence times of the fluctuations,we presume that this porpoise population may be subject to an emigration (~40 porpoises) from the middle to the end of the flood season.The population status of Yangtze finless porpoise is deteriorating due to a combination of dredging,illegal fishing,transportation,pollution and water constructions etc.,consequently,we strongly recommend to establish a natural reserve in Balijiang section immediately.

Based on the comprehensive consideration of the resources and market conditions,the index system for evaluating the development potential of fishing culture tourism resources was established,which includes resources value,resources capacity,resources influence,market development and demand levels with 14 factors.This index system is a combination of AHP and entropy technology,adopting AHP to ensure the weight of each index and entropy technology to amending the weight.It also establishes a linear weighting function model for the comprehensive evaluation.This empirical study takes the four scenic spots in Xiangshan County as example:Songlan Mountain Beach Resort,Chinese Fishing Village,Shipu Fishing Harbor and Xiangshan Folk Custom Village.The result shows that the potential values of the four scenic spots are 5.842 4,7.006 5,8.223 2 and 7.135 6 respectively.According to the potential values, these spots can be arranged in the following descending order:Shipu Fishing Harbor,Xiangshan Folk Custom Village,Chinese Fishing Village,and Songlan Mountain Beach Resort.This evaluation result is in accordance with the fact.Thus, the evaluation index system adopted in the study is scientific and feasible, and can provide experience in assessment on the development potential of other cultural tourism resources

Ecological security pattern is significant for guiding the spatial allocation of the urban and rural construction land.Six ecological security elements,including terrain conditions,geological hazards,soil erosion,biological protection,the protection of general water body and protection of Taihu Lake,were selected as the ecological constraints for the spatial expansion of urban and rural construction land.The integrative ecological security in Huzhou city was evaluated using the GIS spatial analysis tools based on the principle of buckets effect,and the spatial distribution map of ecological security patterns,which were classified as security region,critical security region,less insecurity region and insecurity region,was produced.According to the map of current urban and rural construction land distribution,the ecological security pattern map of current urban and rural construction land in Huzhou city was generated.According to the basis for determining the boundary of urban and rural construction land based on ecological security levels,the spatial distribution map of preferential construction region,conditional construction region,restrictive construction region and prohibitive construction region for urban and rural construction land was produced based on the comparison between the ecological security pattern and the urban and rural construction land,and then their areas were calculated respectively.And then the boundary of urban and rural construction land based on ecological security pattern in Huzhou city,including potential boundary,extended boundary,neatened boundary and prohibitive boundary,were delineated.The results will benefit to the spatial optimization allocation of the urban and rural construction land and differentiated management

Constructing the Lowcarbon Agriculture Park (LCAP) is a powerful means of promoting the reduction of carbon dioxide.It is difficult to make a good decision without the supporting of the performance valuation in the course of developing lowcarbon agriculture park.Now,the LCAP performance valuation research is still a new area to be studied.In this paper,the index system on valuation of the LCAP performance is firsttime constructed.Using AHP and the relative data of Dongtan LCAP,authors calculated the weight of each index,and further calculated the performance index of the lowcarbon agricultural park.The result reveals that the constructed index system and integrated approach is very effective,and the Dongtan LCAP has a good constructing performance,compared with the regular carbon agriculture of itself and Shanghai.From the valuation,we can find that there are some indices of high scores，and in the meantime,there are some other indices of low scores,which should be improved to increase the LCAP performance.Therefore,the indicator system can be used to guide other LCAP development,and the LCAP is of great promotional value in the suitable regions

Based on the the daily peak load of power and air temperature data from June to September during 2003~2007,the impacts of summer temperature variation on power load were analyzed in Shanghai by using the meteorological variation of the daily peak load of power.Results indicate that the trend of meteorological variation of the daily peak load of power is consistent with that of daily mean temperature,daily maximum temperature and daily minimum temperature.When daily maximum temperature is more than or equal to 33 degrees centigrade,daily peak load of power increase rapidly,and the 33,35 and 39 degrees centigrade of daily maximum temperature are three sensitive points of daily peak load of power to air temperature variation in Shanghai.During the periods with daily maximum temperature more than or equal to 35 degrees centigrade,the daily peak load of power varies greatly according to the air temperature,and the 95 percent threshold of meteorological variation of the daily peak load of power corresponds to daily maximum temperature more than or equal to 38 degrees centigrade.The meteorological variation of the daily peak load of power is directly related with the monthly and daily cooling degreedays in Shanghai.When the cooling degreedays are one times more than the 1971~2000 average,Shanghai is strongly affected by high temperature and the daily peak load of power increases rapidly,which increases the difficulty of electric power enterprise for power adjustment with higher using ratio of air condition in day and night

With the problem of water shortage and water pollution getting more serious,the conflict between supplying and demanding of water resources becoming much fierce day by day,carrying capacity of water resources has been regarded as a significant indicator in measuring regional sustainable development level.Taking the carrying capacity of water resources in Jiangsu Province as the research object,the principal component analysis has been used to evaluate the carrying capacity of water resources form temporal and spatial views.The results show that there are three main factors affecting the carrying capacity of water resources,including economic development factor,population factor and water resources factor.The overall carrying capacity of water resources in Jiangsu Province has showed a trend of steadily increasing during 2000~2009.From the spatial point of view,there are obvious differences among 13 cities.The southern Jiangsu gets the maximum score in evaluating the carrying capacity of water resources,then the middle Jiangsu gets the lower level,and the northern Jiangsu gets the lowest level.This is mainly due to the imbalance of the economy development and the water resources condition.In order to ensure sustainable socioeconomic development,some countermeasures must be done to utilize the water resources reasonably and efficiently,and exploit the water resources to its full potential

Based on multitemporal MODIS image data processed by band ratio algorithm，we extracted the distribution of cyanobacteria bloom in Taihu Lake during the period of 2004～2010 in sunny days and analyzed its spatiotemporal variation.Results showed that during 2004～2010,cyanobacteria bloom in Taihu Lake area happened 539 times totally.During 2004～2007 the initial time of cyanobacteria bloom was advanced and its frequency increased year by year,while during 2007～2010 the time was put off and its frequency decreased.The cyanobacteria bloom occurred more frequently between March and August while less frequently between August and December in each year.Spatial analysis results of 2004～2010 showed that the cyanobacteria bloom happened much more frequently in the northern and western lake areas than in the eastern and southern lake areas.The frequency of bloom happened in each lake areas can be ordered as:western offshore>main body of Taihu Lake>Meiliang Bay>Southern riverside area>Zhushan lake>Gonghu Lake.

An indoor experiment was conducted to study the effect of sediment suspension on the release of nitrogen (N),phosphorus (P) and proliferation of cyanobacteria bloom,in which the sediment and overlying water were all from Lake Taihu.The disturbance intensity was expressed as suspended substance (SS).The concentrations of N,P and chlorophylla (Chla) were measured during the process of disturbance and the following 48 hours after the disturbance stopped,and the sampling interval was 6 hours.The results showed that the disturbance improved the total nitrogen,total phosphorus and soluble reactive phosphorus significantly,however,there was no significant increase of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (NO-3N,NO-2N and NH+4N),neither did the Chla.Nitrogen limitation may be the reason of no increase of the algal bloom.It showed that sediment suspension promoted the release of N and P,but those nutrients not necessarily improved the cyanobacteria bloom.Further study on the effects of nutrients released from sediment to cyanobacteria bloom is necessary.

Soil organic carbon (SOC) content along the typical urbantransect in Shanghai were analyzed to indicate the effect of urbanization and industrialization on soil quality.Spatial variation structure and distributions of soil organic carbon content in the topsoil in the urbantransect were analyzed.The results showed that soil organic carbon content in topsoil were medium in variability,SOC in Xuhui district was distributed normally,while SOC in Minhang,Fengxian and the selected urbantransect were distributed lognormally.The results of semivariance analysis showed that SOC in Xuhui and Minhang districts were fit for the exponential model,SOC in Fengxian district and the selected urbantransect were fit for the spherical model.The spatial distribution maps of SOC content of the topsoil in this citytransect were produced by means of the universal Kriging interpolation.SOC in Xuhui and Minhang districts was spatially distributed in island,SOC in Fengxian district were distributed in ribbon,while the spatial distribution of SOC in the selected urbantransect showed the mixed characteristic of ribbon and island.Difference of soil organic carbon along “Urbansuburbanrural” was obviously.The special variation of SOC content in the topsoil were closely related to the industrialization,urbanization,application of fertilizer and agricultural management of the city

The Shuibuya reservoir over the Qingjiang River Basin was selected as a case in order to acquire the spatial and temporal distribution of carbon dioxide sources and sinks change. The experiment was carried out for monitoring the vertical profile and navigated measurement of carbon dioxide concentration at May 8 and 9,2010.Then the spatial distribution of carbon dioxide concentration at every layer was acquired by means of interpolation using GIS technology, and the relationship between carbon dioxide concentration and aquatic environmental factors was analyzed in this paper.Data analysis indicated that carbon dioxide concentration in atmosphere above reservoir water was the highest at 05 meter in every layer,and decreased with height increasing.Moreover,navigated measurement showed that carbon dioxide concentration enhanced from the upstream to dam.It was also found that carbon dioxide concentration was obviously influenced by some aquatic environmental factors.It negatively related with water surface temperature,and positively related with chlorophyll.

Ecological environment of the Lijiang River in Guilin has been degenerating quickly since the forest on its upper reaches was devastated  for the eighties of last century.Spatiotemporal variance of land surface thermal field affects forest evapotranspiration and hydrological effect directly.Therefore,vegetation coverage was retrieved with normalized vegetation index,and land surface temperature was done with Monowindow algorithm respectively from five TM/ETM+images of upper reaches of the Lijiang River during 1989 to 2006.Normalized temperature was proposed so that different temporal land surface thermal fields could be compared with each other.Effect that spatiotemporal variance of vegetation coverage affected land surface thermal field was analyzed.Results showed that land surface temperature decreased with vegetation coverage increasing.The effect became weak when vegetation coverage was very high or very low.From 1989 to 2000,the proportion of medium and high vegetation coverage area droped from 961% to 659%.It resulted in the increasing of the pixels with higher normalized surface temperatures.Although the proportion of medium and high vegetation coverage area rose to 908% from 2000 to 2006,it was still a little lower than that in 1989.It resulted in the decreasing of the pixels with higher normalized surface temperatures.Vegetation coverage could effectively reduce land surface temperature on the upper reaches of the Lijiang River

To implement the water resources management system of water pollution restriction in water function district,the total control of river pollution management system in theory and practice should be established.The river initial water pollution allocation method is one of the most important systems in the total pollution control.In this study,the water function districts were taken as the main body of initial allocation of emission permits.Meanwhile,the purpose of this article is to try to allocate the emission permits on water function districts based on the existing administrative features in China and the water function planning field.According to this allocation mode,the emission rights should be allocated to the respective water body by the pollution control agency according to the function of water body (vertical configuration),and then the rights be allocated in detail to the dischargers (horizontal configuration).In this model,the fairness and efficiency were regarded as the objective functions.The concentration and total quantity of pollutant were the constraints,and the continuity of the production program of the dischargers was taken into account.At last,we got an example and solved it by multiobjective evolutionary algorithm to verify that the model is viable,and this distribution could get more environmental capacity

Heavy metal contamination in offshore is a worldwide problem,because these metals are generally indestructible and most of them can cause heavy damages to coastal ecological environments and systems.Those pollutions are mainly transported into coast and adjacent sea by input and/or industrial wastewaters discharge.Most Heavy metals,especial for particleactive components,are deposition in coastal sedimentary environment. Sediments are the main repository and source of heavy metals in the aquatic environment and play an important role in the transport and storage of potentially hazardous metals. The paper reviewed the ecological risk assessment methods on heavy metals in coastal sediments,including how the chemical forms or type of the binding of metals act on bioavailability,pollution degree evaluation by contamination index,and ecological effect assessment of heavy metals based on ecological risk index.The advantages and disadvantages of those methods were also compared and discussed.Assessing sediment pollution by using the heavy metal chemical form might not firmly guarantee the occurrence of deleterious ecological effects.Contamination index could hardly give comprehensive and systematic information about bioavailability of heavy metals.The ecological risk index have been derived with a variety of both theoretical methods that rely upon equilibrium partitioning models and empirical methods that rely upon analyses of matching,fieldcollected chemistry,and biological effects data.But evaluation on the potential ecological risk of heavy metals based on ecological risk index might lose information about environmental effects on heavy metals.To sum up,the evaluation together with the different methods should be a useful crosscheck for us in the assessing process.

Water footprint (WF) is a new and mature approach to measure ecological carrying capacity.Water resources status is significant to the ecosystem balance,stability and healthy ecological system of the Poyang Lake.This paper conducted a comprehensive use of WF model in the Poyang Lake,and calculated out time series values of WF during 1989~2008 through the econometric model,and then evaluated their own load conditions.The conclusion showed that the WF value in the Area around Poyang Lake rose from 735 billion cubic meters in 1989 to 110 billion cubic meters in 2008,which presented a rising tendency in the past two decades.Though it was overloaded, the surplus space showed a decreasing trend. This paper proposed countermeasures such as optimizing of water use,proposing of green consumption model,promoting regional trade exchanges for improving the regional ecological carrying capacity from the aspects of reducing the demand pressures of WF,and also from increasing the supply of WF.This study could provide a theoretical basis for improving carrying capacity of Poyang Lake Region from the perspective of the water footprint and then promote the construction of Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone in Jiangxi Province

Ecological footprint (EF) is a traditional and mature approach to measure ecological carrying capacity.This paper first calculated out time series values of EF during 1989~2008 through the econometric model,and then evaluated their own load conditions.The conclusion showed that the EF value in the area around the Poyang Lake rose from 1401 million hectares in 1989 to 3145 million hectares in 2008,presenting a wavelike rising tendency in the past two decades,and the ecological carrying capacity value rose from 6255 million hectares in 1989 to 7215 million hectares in 2008,presenting a rising tendency in the past two decades.The ecological carrying capacity could meet the needs of EF and showed ecological surplus, while the surplus space decreased from 422 million hectares in 1989 to 4069 million hectares in 2008.Then, we made a cointegration test analysis between EF and the economic industry.The conclusion showed the GDP elasticity of EF was 035，and the three industrial elasticity of EF were 06683,0011,00494.Finally,we delivered several suggestions for coordination development between the ecological environment and economicindustrial development from the aspects of land management, trade exchange,consumption model,and industrial system

Development of agricultural circular economy is vital for construction of Poyang Lake Ecoeconomic Zone.It aims at achieving the doublewin of economic efficiency and ecological efficiency of agricultural production.This article applied Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to evaluate the economic efficiency of agricultural circular economy,and adoptd ecological footprint of agricultural production to reflect the ecological efficiency of agricultural circular economy.For the purpose of evaluating simultaneously the economic efficiency and ecological efficiency of agricultural circular economy,a comprehensive index was introduced for evaluation of regional development of agricultural circular economy,and applied to Poyang Lake Ecoeconomic Zone.The result showed that the most areas faced the problems of pesticide and fertilizer input redundancy,low grain yield per hectare and high proportion of arable land and grassland footprints. It indicates that, in addition to spread the circular agricultural pattern of ‘Pigraising, Methanegenerating and Graingrowing’,the areas must adjust agricultural structure and develop other circular agricultural patterns such as ‘Pig/cattleraising,Methanegenerating and Fruit/fishinggrowing’.Thus in Poyang Lake Ecoeconomic Zone,the inputoutput efficiency of agricultural production will be improved and the ecological footprint of agricultural production will be lowered