With Systems thinking,〖JP2〗the present paper applied FAHP Method to establish sustainable〖JP〗 development evaluation indicators system about on four aspects,which including development of industrial transfer itself,industry and regional economy,industry and regional society,industry and resources and environment.Then the article built evaluation model that consisted of fuzzy relation matrix among indicators and fuzzy evaluation matrix facing evaluated industries.After that,level and ability of sustainable development in industrial transfer were evaluated by the model in Northern Jiangsu cities from 2006 to 2009.Results show that industries undertaked by each city in development zone of Northern Jiangsu have obtained certain selfsurvival and selfdevelopment ability,but the degree scores show low sustainable development level.Compared to traditional industries,eren the level of transfer industry is generally higher,but there is a greater isomorphism of undertaking industries among cities.So each city in Northern Jiangsu should develope advantageous industries at precedent and sustainable development ability of transfer industries should be considered at next stage

Comprehensive evaluation of the implementation of the current Marine Functional Zoning in Jiangsu Province is of great value for overall detecting its effectiveness and deficiencies in the implementation and management,and for further improving its effectiveness and scientific base，which would enhance its effects of regulate economic and social development.Based on the particularities of marine functional zoning and the feasibility of logarithmic utility function comprehensive evaluation that designed by 16 representative indicators for quantitative,we evaluated the implementation of marine functional zoning in Jiangsu Province.These indicators cover four key aspects,which include implementation,coordination,effectiveness and effect.Results showed that the logarithmic utility function comprehensive evaluation was both simple and feasible,and what's more,reliability.Marine Functional Zoning in Jiangsu Province has been effectively implemented,and it produces a significant economic,social and environmental benefits.It is also coordinated with the National Marine Functional Zoning and the Marine Economic Development Planning of Jiangsu Province

The internal coordination of urbanization is the integrated embodiment of cites’(regional and national) overall competitiveness, national livelihood and sustainable development.Therefore it is very important to recognize and choose our country urbanization way.Based on the understanding of the concept on the urbanization,that the urbanization is a “populationeconomyspace” trine progress,in which people is the actor,economy is the driving factors,while space is the vector.The article constructed the comprehensive measure indicators of urbanization,used the allaround principal component analysis method,took the 12 prefecturelevel cities in Hubei Province as the research object,and made use of the data of 2000,2005 and 2008,to measure the urbanization level of population,economy and space comprehensively,to analyze the evolution trend and hierarchical structure.The result showed that:①the evolution of urbanization on the total amount of time showed a clear upward trend,and showed the trend that the economy urbanization>the spatial urbanization>the comprehensive urbanization>the population urbanization,but also showed a certain degree of inherent characteristics of extensive growth;②the whole urbanization progress led by the population urbanization in 2000 changed to economy urbanization in 2008,it means that the economy urbanization comes to lead the population urbanization,the spatial urbanization;③the temporal correlation of urbanization has a close relationship with spatial polarization degrees,while the spatial polarization degrees of the 12 prefecturelevel cities in Hubei Province exist the following trend that the population urbanization polarization>the spatial urbanization polarization>the economy urbanization polarization,and the comprehensive urbanization polarization has a highest correlation with the population urbanization polarization,the comprehensive urbanization polarization has a lowest correlation with the economy urbanization polarization;④the urbanization hierarchical structure and its temporal evolution showed the first degree hierarchical structure,the dynamic evolution of the hierarchical structure of cities,and the regional coordination degrees was not strong;finally,in the paper the author give some advices on the urbanization coordination.This will have an important theoretical and reference guides to China’s urbanization and the urbanization way which to be chosen in Hubei Province

Field survey on bird community was conducted by line transect method in Dazhangshan Mountain,Jiangxi Province from June,2009 to August,2010.Species diversity,evenness,dominance and the comparability index between different habitat communities were analyzed.Birds of 87 species were recorded in the zone,which belong to 13 orders,31 families.Among them 45 species are residents including 21 species of summer migrants,7 species of winter migrants and 5 species of migrant birds.Among them,6 species are listed as Rank Ⅱ species of the National protected species,22 species are listed as protected animals at provincial level.Of the total species,half of species distribute in the Oriental realm,282% occur species in the Palaearitic realm and 218% species in both.〖WTBX〗Pycnonotus sinensis and Lonchura striata were dominant speices in summer.In six typical communities,both ShannonWeiner index and Simpson index were ranked by broadleaved forest>farmland and village>coniferousbroad leaved mixted forest>ghyllvalley>shrubgrassland>coniferous forest of bamboo grove.Pielou index was ranked by coniferousbroad mixted leaved forest>ghyllvalley>broadleaved forest>farmland and village>shrubgrassland>coniferous forest of bamboo grove.Sorenson index between broadleaved forestsconiferousbroad mixted forest leaved (S=048) was highest.Results indicated a new concern in local forest managements and bird conservation

This experiment used NH4Cl for the main constituent to prepare ammonia solutions and a Y shape water maze for experiment equipment.Our purpose was to find out the selection of P〖WTBX〗rocambarus clarkii〖WTBZ〗 of different ammonia concentration from the ethological point of view.Five concentrations of 4750,7125,9500,14250 and 19000 mg/L were set.Their pH value was 70,the temperature was 20±05℃.〖WTBX〗P.clarkii〖WTBZ〗 subadult of 501±043 cm in body length and juvenile of 075±015 cm in body length were used for the experiment.Ammonia solution and clean water were put in the 2 selection areas of a Y shape water maze,then let the crayfish choose,the times of selection of ammonia solution,clean water and no selection were recorded.Binomial test of nonparametric tests to calculate the data was carried out.The result indicated that the subadults had no selection at the ammonia concentration of 4750,7125,9500 and 14250 mg/L,but they significantly avoided the ammonia solution with concentration of 19000 mg/L;the juveniles had no selection at the ammonia concentration of 4750 mg/L,but they significantly avoided the ammonia solution when the ammonia concentration is 7125 and 9500 mg/L,and they had toxic symptom and lost the ability of selection when the ammonia concentration is 14250 and 19000 mg/L.The study indicated that 〖WTBX〗P.clarkii〖WTBZ〗 has no preference for ammonia solution and will avoid the ammonia solution when the concentration reaches the right value or even die when they can't avoid in time

The invasion of alien animal has caused serious impacts to biodiversity,economy,and human health in China.Assessing correctly the spreading risk of invasive animals is significant for controlling them.On the basis of the analytic hierarchy process,this article set up a risk evaluation index system of the invasive animals proliferates among various provinces in China,and some typical animals,like 〖WTBX〗Pygocentrus nattereri〖WTBZ〗 and 〖WTBX〗Bactrocera dorsalis〖WTBZ〗 etc,were assessed and established a spread risk calculation model to calculate the spread risk，through setting up threshold to classify the spread risk of different animals into four degrees:Extremely high risk,High risk,Moderate risk,and Low risk.In the end,corresponding policy suggestions to each rank,in order to improve management efficiency for government were raised

The implementation of land use planning would have impact on the environment of the planning region.While the positive effect may optimize the regional environment, the negative one may cause serious environmental issues that seriously affect harmonious socioeconomic development.Therefore,the assessment of land use planning impact on ecological environment plays a vital role both in protecting the environment and reducing the negative environmental impact of land use planning.Using PSR model and the ecological security assessment,the assessment indices were picked out based on grid cell.After screening indices through correlation analysis,an evaluation system of the land use planning on ecological environment impacts was constructed.Combined with spatial analysis through GIS,the environmental impact of land use planning at county level was quantitative evaluated.The proposed methods were applied in Yongding county,Hunan Province.After the analysis of the environment status and the main ecological security problems in Yongding County, which threatened the survival and development of economy and human society,the environment evaluation system of the land resource planning in this area was established. The environmental impacts of land use planning were assessed through comparing the environment status index and ecological security index, which are different before and after the land use planning taking effect. Results indicated that most of the area (about 78.19%) would be benefit from the performing of the new general land use planning. At the same time, 60.17% of this area would be in the statues of secure and relative secure, which means a slight improvement in soil and water loss. Enhancing soil and water conservation would still be one of the priorities of the ecological environment protection in Yongding County

With an area of 36 895 square kilometers, Taihu Lake basin extends across East China's regions including Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces and Shanghai Municipality. Of all the land, Jiangsu accounts for 53 percent, while zhejiang accounts for 33 percent and Shanghai 14 percent. It can be divided into four kinds of underlying surfaces, such as cultivated land, construction land, water area and other land. In 1999, the flood protection planning in Taihu Lake basin was announced and the data of land area was wildly used. To discover the real change of land use, we used the investigation data from the bureau of land management in 2005. It showed that the cultivated land was the most important underlying surface in Taihu basin, the contradiction between agricultural land and construction land was much serious, and water area was large, accounting for 14.5 percent of the total area. From 1996 to 2005, the cultivated land had decreased a lot, especially in Jiangsu province; the construction land had increased for about 30 percent in Taihu lake basin, while water area was slightly decreased. The population increased, urbanization development, quick economic development, profit driven and difference of land control had given rise to this change

Based on three sets of Landsat TM/ETM data(1990,2000 and 2008), and by techniques of remote sensing, geographical information system (GIS) and landscape ecology, this paper studied changes of land use and landscape pattern from 1990 to 2008 in Hongze Lake Basin. It revealed the spatiotemporal changes of land use in this basin, and drew the landscape type distribution, trends and features of landscape pattern change in the three periods. Results show that: (1) In past 18 years, land use in this basin changed significantly, which mainly manifested by farmland continuous decreases and the builtup areas rapid increases, secondly, woodland decreases after increasing, grassland and water slight increase, which were in an unbalanced state overall. (2) The landscape structure and landscape heterogeneity in Hongze Lake Basin changed greatly in this period. With increasing the degree of landscape fragmentation, diversity between landscape types is reduced and landscape structure tends to be uniform and reciprocal through increases of patch number, decreases of mean patch area, increases of Landscape diversity index and landscape evenness index totally. At last, the paper indicated that main driving force of land use and landscape pattern changes was human activities, especially economic construction, and put forward some suggestions on the ecological sustainable development of the basin

In order to investigate the effects of land utilization types on soil physical and chemical properties in suburban area, seven kinds of different land utilization types (secondary forestland, economic forestland, artificial forestlands, deforestedland, abandoned farmland, nursery garden, slope farm land) in suburban area of Changsha City were chosen for studying. The results showed that the soil particle mainly concentrated in (1.00~0.05 mm and <0.001 mm) two granulation scales, soil texture was light clay and heave loam. The content of soil sand (1.00~0.05 mm) and soil silt (0.05~0.01 mm) decreased, while that of soil clay (<0.01 mm) increased with the decreased of human disturbance. Soil density in slope farm land, nursery garden, abandoned farmland and deforestedland was higher than that in woodland, such as secondary forestland, economic forestland, artificial forestlands, however soil porosity and soil water content in the woodlands were universally higher. Soil pH value, organic matter content and nutrient content were higher generally in the natural or seminatural woodland (secondary forestland, economic forestland, artificial forestlands) than that in slope farm land, nursery garden, abandoned farmland and deforestedland

Study on ecological land in rapidly urbanized and industrialized region not only needs attention to the effects of environmental pollution and ecoenvironment degradation,but should emphasize on its regulation and amelioration function upon regional environment.As one of the most important cities in the Yangtze River Delta,protection of ecological land is of great significance to maintain its local environment characteristic famous for “Landscape city”.Firstly,this paper calculated the ecological land area by exploring the methods of TM remote sensing and spatial analysis, which reveals that ecological land of Nanjing City takes 15% of its total land areas.Secondly,based on the suitability and similarity of its function,the ecological land was divided into four patterns:Water source reserve,wetlands of rivers and lakes,famous scenic site and geological heritage,first two of which has relatively more intensive spatial advantages.Thirdly,we quantitatively investigated the importance of environmental function by choosing 12 most representative indications.According to the evaluation,the ecological land areas were partitioned into three levels:The most important area,relative important area and important area,taking 19%，56% and 25% of the total ecological land area respectively.Finally,four ecoenvironmental regulation groups including 11 environmental pollution sources were built,considering not merely environmental regulation function of ecological land for urbanization and industrialization, but coordination between pollution governance and ecology protection. Regulation policies such as prohibition or limitation of human activities and ecoenvironment protection were also suggested correspondingly

The purpose of the paper is to study provincial and regional farmland conversion efficiencies and their changes in China from 2000 to 2008, in order to provide references for optimizing land use. Methods of DEA model and Malmquist TFP index were employed. The results indicated that: (1) on provincial level, average efficiencies of farmland conversion were not high, and more than 80% of the provincial regions have not yet achieved validity in comprehensive efficiency; (2) farmland conversion efficiencies basically showed the trend of eastern regions> northeast regions> central regions> western regions, and regional difference has decreased; (3) the rise of average comprehensive efficiency of farmland conversion on provincial level was mainly due to the contribution of pure technical efficiency, and the significant improvement of production efficiency benefited from technical change; (4) the comprehensive efficiency of farmland conversion of eastern and northeast regions has decreased, while that of central and western regions has increased, with significant rise in western regions. The study found that: at the present stage, there is insufficient utilization of farmland conversion input in China, and the potential for efficiency enhancement is huge; there is a large gap in the ability of scale concentration between western regions and other regions; eastern regions are facing efficiency loss in farmland conversion; although farmland conversion efficiencies in central and western regions has increased significantly, whether it could be used as the evidence for increasing farmland conversion quota needs further research. 

Coefficient of rank correlation, coefficient of variation and curve fit analysis were applied to analyzing the temporalspatial variability of carbon emissions in Jiangsu Province. Taking city as a spatial unit and per capita carbon emissions, carbon emission intensity and decoupling index as measuring indexes for the level of regional carbon emissions from 1996 to 2008, it was found that, first, carbon emissions were found to increase annually by 13％ over the entire Jiangsu Province during the latest 13 years, with emitting carbon of 1964 million tons in 2008. Per capita carbon emissions in welldeveloped cities are larger with relatively lower carbon intensity; economically backward cities have a smaller amount of per capita carbon emissions, but carbon emission intensity increased rapidly. Second, the differences of per capita carbon emissions and carbon emission intensity among 13 cities are gradually narrowed. Third, per capita carbon emissions increased linearly with the GDP per capita in both Jiangsu Province and the municipalities, and Nanjing, Suzhou, Yangzhou, Xuzhou, as the more devepoled cities in differrent regions have a more rapidly growth rate. Fourth, there existed a reversed U shaped curve between carbon emission intensity and GDP per capita, with the inflexion point of the curve at roughly 25 000 yuan per capita, while in each city, the relationship is a wavy curve. Fifth, decoupling index is influenced by the industrial structure, economic policy and the level of clean technologies

Carbon emission comes mainly from energy consumption.With the rapid development of the economy in coastal area of Jiangsu Province,the growth of energy consumption and coalbased energy mix are difficult to be changed in the short term.Hence,carbon emissions keep the rising tendency.In order to study on carbon emission factors in coastal area of Jiangsu Province,the decomposition model of carbon emissions per capita is set up by adopting Logarithmic Mean Weight Divisia (LMD) method.The model is adopted to analyze impact on the carbon emissions per capita resulted from economic development, energy structure and energy efficiency from 2000 to 2008.The study result includes the following conclusions:the contribution value and rate of the economic development to the carbon emissions per capita presented exponential growth tendency,energy efficiency enhancement and energy structure improvement had limited curb on the carbon emissions per capita,and economic growth was the major factor causing the rapid rise of the carbon emissions per capita.And then some targeted measurements have been given for controlling and reducing carbon emissions in coastal areas of Jiangsu Province

The effect of the sea reclamation projects on the offshore ecosystem was the focus which was paid wide attention by the field of ecology and ecological economics. Two kinds of methods were used in this article. Method I was market value method and surrogate market method, such as market value method, shadow engineering method, carbontaxes method, alternative cost method, and resultchecking method. Method II was contingent valuation method. It assessed the sea reclamation projects’ loss of ecological environment value from the angle of the tidal wetlands ecosystem services, which chose the seaside buildingarea of Lianyungang and the coastal buildingarea of Tongzhou as typical cases. The results showed:(1)The annual losses of the two typical cases with Method I was 0818 2×108 and 0696 2×108 Yuan RMB respectively.(2)Method II was 1273 9×108 and 1186 0×108 Yuan RMB respectively.(3)Results of two methods’ which were used as the ecological environment losses interval could improve the accuracy of the assessment. This research could supply references for the formulating of the sea reclamation projects’ ecological compensation standard and ecological compensation policy

This paper discussed the ecological restoration of a reclaimed riparian wetland, using the example of Xinji Riverine Island located inside the Yangtze River, with GIS/RS tools and a sixlevel framework. The reclaimed island was strongly anthropogenically disturbed, resulting in a change of structure and process of the riverine island landscape as well as a decrease of its ecological services. The ecological approach considers the physical and biological factors to represent landscape’s ability to support riparian wetland ecosystem services. Three scenarios, namely maintaining the status quo, removing the ponder dyke, and removing all flood embankments, were established to select the best solution.We estimate the impact of the different scenarios on the wetland area and the habitat, which points out that the extensive removal of all flood embankments would result in an increase of wetland area with 5% to 56% and an increase in the habitat for fishes, chelonians, limpkins with respectively 7%, 11%, 5% to 21%, 75%, 56%. We suggest the extensive removal of the anthropogenic disturbance, which would restore the natural flooding cycle, the temporary wetlands and habitat. The approach creates a precedent for the ecological restorationof other riverine wetland systems under anthropogenic disturbance

The environmental circumstances of periurban river in the transition zone between urban and country can reflect the effect of urbanization on rivers. This study revealed space characteristics of nutrients and geochemical forms of phosphorus in the sediment from the periurban riverNew Qinhuai River in Nanjing.The statistics data showed discrepanttrophic levels in different sections of the river due to various sewage discharge and sedimentary process. TOC, TN and TP ranged from 307 to 3497 g/kg, 830 to 2 370 mg/kg and 447 to 3 517 mg/kg respectively. The content sequence of phosphorus fractions was FeP or CaP> OrgP>>AlP>DP, in which FeP and CaP accounted more than 70% of TP, and both showed signals of nutritional status. The characteristics of nutrients and phosphorus fractions in Xishanqiaoqiao core and the estuarine core followed a mode marked threestage of "settlementdegradationstacked" changes in contents. FeP was the dominant form and accounting for 431% ～505% of TP in the Xishanqiao core. CaP was the dominant form and accounting for 463%～603% of TP in the estuarine core. The trophic level of New Qinhuai River is between rural river and urban river. The dominant phosphrous fractions are distributed in variant sites. In a way, the urbanization in the Yangtze River Delta does’t affect overall environment of the periurban river

According to data of pollution source monitoring station,part of the Monitoring System of Three Gorges Project Ecology and Environment,status in recent years and change over the years of chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) and ammonia nitrogen loads into the reservoir were analysed.Results show that pollution loads mainly come from upper reaches. During recent 5 years,the CODCr pollution load was 5286 million tons annually on average,of which CODCr load from upper reaches and that from the reservoir area were 4.432 million tons and 854, 500 tons,accounting for 838% and 162% respectively; the ammonia nitrogen pollution load was 72 800 tons annually on average,of which the load from upper reaches and that from the reservoir area were 47 500 tons and 25 300 tons, accounting for 65.2% and 348% respectively. From 1997 to 2009,especially during the period from first impoundment to completion,the total discharge of waste water into reservoir increased significantly with the rapid economic and social development of the reservoir area,but the trend of increasing emissions of the main pollutants (CODCr and ammonia) had been effectively controlled,especially the CODCr loads in sewage discharge decreased,indicating that a series of water environmental policies and measures had resulted in obvious effects. Nevertheless,water environmental protection of both the reservoir area and upper reaches can never be neglected

CEQUALW2, a twodimensional, laterally averaged, hydrodynamic model, was applied to simulate the water temperature structure in Zipingpu reservoir. Model parameters were adjusted during calibration and the simulation results were compared with the observed measurements in site. The simulation results of area of reservoir and effluent flow were compared favorably with the observed measurements, showing that the model can simulate the process of formation and development in vertically stratified reservoir and changes of water temperature for power station during temperature raising period. The model is suitable to be applied to simulate vertical water temperature structure in Zipingpu reservoir, which also can provide reference for the simulations of vertical water temperature in similar reservoirs. Through sensitivity analysis of parameters, it is found that windsheltering coefficient and dynamic shading coefficient's effects on simulation of vertical water temperature are most obvious. The rest parameters have little effects on simulation of vertical water temperature, so they can be the model's default values. The influences of windsheltering coefficient and dynamic shading coefficient on temperature structure in reservoir are analyzed. It is shown that the windsheltering coefficient’s increase, will cause that wind speed increases, reservoir surface temperature decreases, reservoir vertical mixing action is enhanced, thermocline moves down, water temperature stratification is weakened and temperature bottom rises; Dynamic shading coefficient's increase, causes the enhancement of incidence of solar radiation, upper 40 m water body's temperature rises, without obvious changes of temperature in middle and bottom water body

Industrial effluent effective regulation is an important part of environmental protection. By analyzing plights of the participants in water environmental regulation in China, a water environment regulation system was constructed considering the central monitoring and public participation. Moreover, a water environment regulation contract, which has the effect of incentive and constraint penalty, was established, and a principalagent model was also developed, by which a set of optimal results of effluent standards, regulation probability, compensation amount and fines in the water environment regulation contract. Based on this system, two printing and dyeing enterprises in Tai Lake, which have considerably different cost types and water treatments, were taken as examples. A twostage contract has been designed for the two enterprises according to the results from the model, and the effects of public participation and local government protection probability on the contract are investigated. The results show that to enhance the public participation could decrease the optimal fine amount, which will weaken the contradictions between the local government and enterprise, and that by some system as environment accountability to decrease the local government protection probability will reduce the optimal regulatory frequency and make the supervision be low correspondingly