Transportation network system has significant effect on the optimization of spatial structure of urban agglomeration.With the approaching HighSpeed Railway Age,the Yangtze River Delta regional spatial structure will changes significantly.With the introduction of the concept of accessibility and the measurement factors of weighted shortest travel time of the transport network of 2010 and 2020,this paper concludes that the development of HighSpeed Railway has the following effects on the Yangtze River Delta regional spatial structure.First of all,HighSpeed Railway completely enhances accessibility within the Yangtze River Delta area,greatly shortens temporal and spatial distance between cities,promotes the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta and boosts formation of regional balance of the spatial structure by formation and development of metropolitan area and economic developing axis. Secondly,HighSpeed Railway accelerates the formation of multicentral spatial structure,but it differently affects the accessibilities of different cities.So,different cities should seek their own development strategies according to their different characteristics under the HighSpeed Railway Age

Ecological migration is one of the most important actions adopted by many tourist areas in recent years in order to protect the ecological environment.Taking Wulingyuan Scenic Area as an example,the paper collects firsthand data by questionnaire and onthespot investigation at the resettlement spots,and  analyses the residents’ perceptions of the economic,sociocultural,environmental,psychological and policy impact from the ecological migration in Wulingyuan Scenic Area.On the basis of the evaluation model concerning perception deviation of ecological migration impact,the perceptions from different residents’ properties or attributes are also discussed.The study comes to following conclusions:most residents are in favor of the positive sociocultural,environmental and psychological impact;there is a big difference of opinions on the economic impact;negative comments exist on the migration policies;residents’ perceptions are also affected by the properties or attributes such as sex,age and cultural level,the way for resettlement as well as the degree of tourism participation.Based on the above analysis,relative countermeasures are proposed for the most serious problems existing in the ecological migration of Wulingyuan Scenic Area in order to achieve sustainable development. 

In order to improve the level of public environmental awareness and environmental condition in Nanjing,we carry out a research on environmental awareness of residents in Nanjing City.Environmental awareness has been divided into four sections:knowledge of environmental protection,environmental protection awareness,satisfaction to environmental policy,government behaviors assessment.KMeans cluster,crosstabulation,chisquare tests and correlation analysis are employed in this paper.Results show that:(1) among four sections,the knowledge of environmental protection gets the highest score,but the government behaviors assessment gets the lowest; (2)chisquare tests shows education level,age and marital status are the main three influence factors; (3) correlation analysis reveals the degree of influences of three factors in a descending sequence:education level >age >marital status.At last, the paper proposes that government should improve environmental level of Nanjing in four aspects,such as improving personal environmental awareness,developing nongovernment organizations,promoting environmental protection enthusiasm of enterprises and strengthening government functions

Based on measuring the degree of economic development and land intensive utilization,the paper explored the interactions between economic development and land intensive utilization by dynamic econometrics.The results showed that both of economic development and land intensive utilization were integrated of order one.There existed equilibrium relationship between them in long term whereas things were different in short term,and the range of short term equilibrium was close to long term equilibrium,which was 5026%.Grange causality test showed that economic development was the grange cause of land intensive utilization,but the opposite grange causality couldn’t be proved by the empirical study.The response of land intensive utilization to economic development impulse was remarkable,and the economic development impulse could explain the change of land intensive utilization to a certain extent of 85%.The response of economic development to land intensive utilization impulse was weak,and the land intensive utilization impulse could explain the change of economic development to a certain extent of only 2%.Therefore,it was necessary to vigorously promote transformation of economic development mode,strengthen supervision and management for land utilization, improve the land intensive utilization，and enhance the support capabilities of land resources for economic development

With the acceleration of economic globalization,the coordination of regional development has become increasingly urgent.As a SubRegion,it is especially difficult to promote the coordination of border counties.However,there is little research above the region.Based on CBRs Theory,the paper explores the coordination mechanism of border areas integrating with the region coordination and development planning in Jianshan and Nanbeihu District，and builds the framework of coordination development mechanism.As typical MicroCBRs,Jianshan and Nanbeihu,which both belong to Jiaxing City,Zhejiang Province,have the basis for the coordinated development in space and function.However,there are many key issues need to be addressed,such as unconnected bilateral transportation,industrial orientation to conflict,poor common protection of ecological environment,lack of common consultations of regional development.Finally,based on the framework of coordination development mechanism，the paper attempts to solve the above problems through the implementation of the regional coordination and development planning,and hopes that the method can help the future coordinated development of MicroCBRs study

Region around lakes with high ecological sensitivity is facing environment threat that human development brings.Spatial management is adopted to deal with the relationship between development and protection,avoid and reduce negative environmental problems in developmental process,and realize sustainable and healthy development around lakes.Taking Chaohu lake in Chaohu city as a case study,a set of index system of spatial development and functional regionalization around lakes is established,including the ecological environment sensitivity and economic needs degree as 2 class I index,9 classⅡ index,32 classⅢ index.Under the support of GIS,with digital topographic map,land utilization status chart and so on,the basic data and spatial attribute database are  established.Then，with 500 m grid for basic evaluation unit,the ecological sensitivity and economic development needs are evaluated,which are diveded into high,medium and low type respectively,and partition layer is also built.Finally,comprehensively considering the ecological sensitivity,economic development demand and support conditions,preferring ecological protection as the principle,the results of spatial management regionalization are ascertained,such as feasible construction zone,moderate feasible construction zone,limitary construction zone,prohibited construction zone.The economic development intensity,density and mode around lakes are discussed,which provides the basis on development and protection around lakes

Based on the ecological footprint model,this paper analyzed the per capita ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity in JingJinJi and JiangZheHu region,and compared the nuclear cities of the two regions.The results indicate that both regions have an increasing trend of ecological deficit.It is also found that the per capita ecological deficit of JingJinJi is higher than that in JiangZheHu in most years,and the ecological footprint indices in Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,and the nuclear cities of the two regions,are all on the rise.The per capita ecological footprint and the per capita ecological deficit of Tianjin and Shanghai are higher than those in Beijing,respectively.The per capita ecological footprint of Shanghai is 14% higher and the per capita ecological deficit 279% higher than that of Tianjin. In future,both regions should improve the efficiency of resources use through technological innovation.The changing of the mode of production and life style will also be useful to the sustainable development of the regional economy

Research of the effects of carbon taxation  on regional energy consumption,economic growth and income distribution is still a blank.This article analyzed these effects by panel data model and quantile regression model.The study showed that quantile model was better in revealing the regional differences. Carbon taxation showed negative effects on the energy consumption and economic growth except in the Northwest Region,and the negative effects became strong gradually from west of east.Carbon taxation in each area increased the proportion of capital in the total income,decreased the proportion of the labor elements,but this effect was weak in the Great Northwest.Therefore,in the process of making carbon taxation,we should not only refer to “Europe Experiences”,but also consider the regional differences.Different carbon taxation in different region which tilts to Middle and West area can both control carbon emission and promot coordinated development of regional economy 

Based on the fishery survey by setting net from March 2009 to February 2010,the community structure,dominant species composition and biodiversity of smallsized fishes have been analyzed.24 species of smallsized fishes were collected,which belongs to 5 orders,7 families，and most of the species were belong to Cypriniformes.The dominant species were 〖WTBX〗Hemiculter bleekeri,Coilia nasus,Cynoglossus trigrammus，Saurogobio dabryi〖WTBZ〗 and 〖WTBX〗Pelteobaggrus nitidus,〖WTBZ〗which occupied  8344% of the total catch in number,and 8202% of the total weight.〖WTBX〗Hemiculter bleekeri〖WTBZ〗 and 〖WTBX〗Cynoglossus trigrammus 〖WTBZ〗were the dominant species in each season,and 〖WTBX〗Coilia nasus〖WTBZ〗 in spring,summer and autumn.Four diversity indexes,ShannonWiener’s index (H’),Margalef’s index(R’),Pilou’s index(J’),McNaughton’s index(Dn),were calculated by catch in number to analyze the characteristics of species diversity of fishery communities.The intermonthly range of  H’values was 118 to 176, R’was 087 to 207, J’ was 048 to 083 and Dn was 057 to 086.Based on research sets by season,in spite of any calculation unit，both by quantity and by weight，the highest value of R’ and Dn was in spring while the lowest was in winter, and the highest value of H’ and J’ were all present in winter while the lowest were in summer.Various factors  affecting the smallsized fishes resources in this reach were discussed,and several suggestions of how to develop and protect smallsized fishey resources were provided

Ecological compensation quantitative research of Changshazhuzhouxiangtan and its ecological "green core area" Zhaoshan demonstration area was done by establishing ecological compensation model of medium scale,based on regional carbon balance.The establishment and the realization form of ecological compensation system were discussed.The results showed that:Changsha,Zhuzhou and Xiangtan were ecological deficit area,while Zhaoshan demonstration area was belonged to ecological surplus area.In 2008,ecological compensation funds of Changsha,Zhuzhou and Xiangtan were to pay 4067 million yuan, 7934 million yuan and 743 million yuan respectively,and the total is 19731 million yuan.Some of 1229 million was given to Zhaoshan demonstration area and the surpluses were unifiedly dominated by Changshazhuzhouxiangtan ecological compensation management department to use for ecological protection and construction of overall Changshazhuzhouxiangtan and green core area.Taking zhaoshan demon stration area for example,constructing ecological compensation model based on ecological carbon sequestration and regional carbon emissions provided a reference for solving the regional conflict appeared in the process of the construction of low carbon society

Openpit mining may cause negative ecological effects,such as water loss,soil erosion,secondary geological disaster,and their intensity is affected by geographical environment of mines.Because of huge numbers of openpit mines distributing and complex terrain in Jinsha River watershed,the negative ecological effects generated by mines might be aggravated by the fragile geographical environment.Thus the ecology suitability evaluation of mining conditions is of great significance for ecology protection in the watershed.Based on the spatial technology of remote sensing and geography information system,the spatial database of openpit mines in Jinsha River watershed (Yunnan part) has been built under ArcGIS environment.Then 10 typical openpit mines in the watershed were taken as case study objects.After the geographical environment of these openpit mines was compared and analyzed,various elements are taken into consideration for ecology suitability evaluation of mining conditions,such as,elevation index including geomorphology,altitude, slope,vegetation coverage,vegetation types and watershed location.Elevation methods are related to expert scoring and greyrelationship.The study obtains spatial distributing characterization and ecology suitability of mining conditions of the 10 typical openpit mines.The study result provides scientific basis for resources rational exploitation,utilization and ecology protection of openpit mines in Jinsha River watershed (Yunnan part

Understanding correctly and evaluating scientificlly the full value of cultivated land play an important role in easing low land compensation standard,unreasonable distribution of land revenue and food security and environmental issues in Hunan Province.Based on different kinds of values,the paper used corresponding assessment methods to evaluate the total value of different levels of arable land in Hunan Province.The result showed that the total values of the first,second,third,fourth,and fifth level arable land resources per unit area were 547 24813,481 61077,430 74534,385 86049 and 336 19093 yuan/hm2,respectively.The composition of three kinds of arable land valuation was different to cultivated land of different levels,and social security value was the largest among the total value of arable land of all different levels.The result will have a positive effect on being the full value of arable land resources and curbing the excessive loss of arable land resources

To explore a new molluscicide with molluscicidal activity against 〖WTBX〗Oncomelania hupensis〖WTBZ〗 and enhancing effect on rice growth,three MPFs including MPFN,MPFP and MPFK,mixing up  the power of 〖WTBX〗Macleaya cordata〖WTBZ〗 with nitrogenous fertilizer (MPFN),phosphatic fertilizer (MPFP) and potassic fertilizer (MPFK) respectively and the MCF,mixing up the power with the compounds of three fertilizers (N,P and K) were used in the experiment.The molluscicidal efficacy of MPFs and MCF on 〖WTBX〗O．hupensis〖WTBZ〗 and its effects on rice seedlings growth and seed germination were investigated under laboratory conditions.The results showed that in 200 mg/L concentration of MPFN, MPFP and MPFK,snails mortalities at 24 h were  100%,533% and 667%respectively. The percent of rice seed germination were 100%,80% and 53% in  200 mg/L concentration of MPFN,MPFP and MPFK.Therefore,the germination percents in  200 mg/L concentration of three MPFs were higher 60%,40% and 13% respectively than that in control (40% germination percent).The seedlings heights of rice were also  higher 1268%,707% and 605%  respectively than that in control.For MCFs,mortalities of the snails increased with the increase of the MCF concentrations and time.For example,mortalities of snails  were 733% and 867% at 48 h and 72 h in 200 mg/L concentration of MCF,and were 833% and 100% at 48 h and 72 h in 400 mg/L concentration of MCF.Seed germination and seedling height increased at lower concentration (200 mg/L) of MCF but decreased at higher concentration(400 mg/L) of MCF.In conclusion,MPFs had strong molluscicidal activities against〖WTBX〗 O.hupensis〖WTBZ〗 and improved seed germination and seedling growth of rice.The MPFN was the strongest one in the three MPFs.The MCF also had stronger molluscicidal activity against 〖WTBX〗O.hupensis.〖WTBZ〗But seed germination and seedling growth of rice  increased at lower MCF concentration (200 mg/L) and decreased at higher MCF concentration(400 mg/L

Based on the calculation of the total quantity of virtual land of main crops ,the authors computed the Gini coefficient of crops virtual land versus six resourcesenvironmenteconomy factors,i.e.,population,cultivated land,water resources,consumption of chemical fertilizer,management of soilwater erosion and GDP.In addition,the temporal distribution of differences in crops virtual land versus the six factors during the period 1999 to 2009 in China was examined in detail.Results indicated that:the Gini coefficients of crops virtual land versus resourcesenvironmenteconomy factors showing a low matching degree,in relativity,The Gini coefficients of crops virtual land versus population and land resource were high,showing a lower matching degree for crops virtual land versus soilwater erosion,and the Gini coefficients of crops virtual land versus water resources,consumption of chemical fertilizer was the lowest .Regarding spatial distribution characteristics,the authors divided China into eight studied regions,and calculated the imbalance index of crops virtual water versus the six resourcesenvironmenteconomy factors for the partitioned regions.The spatial matching characteristics of crops virtual land versus the six resourcesenvironmenteconomy factors in year 2009 were analyzed,indicating that the main regions affected the outer parts.The outside fairness of the virtual land system for Chinese agricultural products is found to be relatively low,the HuangHuai region is the unfairness of the largest outside Asia，the South of China and Northwest and Northeast is following 

Rainwater utilization is a means used to lessen urban water shortage and reduce waterlogging disasters.Based on a large scale of topographic map data (1〖DK〗∶500) and the rainfall data of Nanjing,the volume of available harvesting rainwater in a year with different guaranteed ratio of rainfall and the potential for surface runoff volume reduction are calculated in a community in Nanjing.Then,an analysis of cistern setting feasibility is performed under four principles.The results show that the annual collectable rainwater is approximate 114 2721 m3 with the guaranteed ratio of rainfall at 50%.And urban waterlogging disasters could be effectively reduced by rainwater harvesting.214% and 112% of runoff volume could be reduced by roof rainwater utilization in two cases of 50 mm and 955 mm respectively (the average annual maximum daily rainfall).The roof area which is suitable to set cisterns is 55% of the total roof area,while the availability rate  reached about 77% for residential and the other types of buildings’ roof areas.

Based on the four meteorological station (Badong,Lvcongpo,Enshi,Laifeng) and the surrounding three station (Wanzhou,Fengjie,Wufeng) nearly 54 years of precipitation data,using the climate trend rate analysis,ARCGIS of spatial analysis,Wavelet analysis and MannKendall Mutation analysis,the temporal and spatial variation,periodic variation and mutation of precipitation were analyzed.The result showed that the precipitation in Enshi since recent 54 years appeared downtrend and the trend was much more obvious after 1990s. From the temporal change,the amount of precipitation decrease in 1970s and 1990s was more than the amount of precipitation increase in the other times.Precipitation in winter showed obviously increasing trend,while the precipitation in other three seasons showed decreasing trends.From the spatial change,the rainfall mainly focused on the Lvcongpo area,and the precipitation is the least in the northeast of Badong and the part area of northwest of Lichuan,forming “a top two low” and the trend of decreasing from northeast to west area

Debris flow,which commonly contains high kinetic energy,has terrible damage capacity to cause heavy disaster by its strong impact force and transporting huge volume materials.If the kinetic energy of debris flow could be completely or partly dissipated before its initiation or deposition,the disaster caused by debris flow may be avoided or be mitigated to minimization.Steppool systems have the maximum flow resistance and stability condition,which potentially could be used for mountain streams training and ecological restoration.In this paper,17 artificial steppool systems were built on Lanshan Gully,a tributary of Xihanshui River in Gansu Province in Northwest of China.The experimental study of steppool systems started from June 2009.Based on observation during two flood seasons of 20092010,the artificial steppool systems raised the base level by deposition.And the riverbed and bank was protected from erosion.Thus,the bed and bank slope were stabilized.Moreover,the kinetic energy of debris flow was dissipated by hydraulic drop and hydraulic jump of the steppool systems,and sediment deposited on the upstream of steps.Finally,there was little debris flow occurred in Lanshan Gully from 2009 to 2010.The results show that energy dissipation structures are the key to stabilize high gradient mountain streams.The resistance structures,such as steppool systems, whether developed by nature or by manmade could dissipate the flow energy and keep the kinetic energy of the flow below a critical energy for initiation of debris flows

CostBenefit analysis is applied in our research to evaluate the performance of emission reduction policies in Guizhou Province,one of acid rain severely afflicted areas in China,during 11th FiveYear Plan period.The results from our research indicate:1) After the implementation of the 11th FiveYear SO2 reduction policies,the air quality of Guizhou Province is remarkable improved,the acidity and frequency of the acid rain are reduced significantly,and especially some frequency of acid rain in some cities has been reduced to zero.2) The cost of reduction is about 228 billion RMB,and the benefit of reduction is 27 billion RMB.The net gain of SO2 reduction policies in Guizhou Province is positive and the advantage effects of pollution reduction binding targets are emerging,such as the efficiency of energy utilization is improved and the economic structure is optimized.3) Installation rate of desulfurization in thermal power generation plant has reached more than 90%.It indicates that the potential of SO2 reduction contributed by engineering projects is limited.Thus,to achieve air pollution reduction binding targets,Guizhou Province needs to pay more attention to structural emission reduction and emission management

As pollution reduction efforts promoting and deepening in China, how to allocate the pollutant reduction amount fairly and reasonably among different regions is an important issue worthy of highly concern.A reasonable and equitable allocation criterion system was put forward based on the comparison with the current pollutant (reduction)allocation methods and the allocation thoughts,and on the full consideration to the influence factors about pollutant from production,reduction to emission process.Taking COD reduction allocation as a case study,a specific index system was established.Focusing on the differences in economic structure,pollution control engineering and environment quality,using entropy weighting method,an improved proportional distribution method was raised,based on the reduction allocation of COD between provinces.The results show that the improved proportional distribution method,taking into account the differences between provinces and cities,can be taken as an appropriate method for various types of pollution reduction allocation among different districts in China