Smart land use is one of the effective ways to promote the style’s transformation of economic growth in China.Therefore,we put forward the kernel of urbanrural land smart use based on urban smart growth and set up the integrated measure indicator system on urbanrural land smart use,which consisted of three subsystems:land amount control,land form compact,land use efficiency.As a case,the system was used to measure the land smart use level in Pukou district of Nanjing City,an area with intensive urbanization in the Yangtze River Delta of China.The result indicates that the land smart use degrees in 1999,2002,2008 are 3805,4951,6244,respectively.The result shows that the land use degree of the investigated area is increasing year by year,but it remains to be further improved.And it is effective for the integrated measure indicator system on urbanrural land smart use to measure the level and status of regional land smart use

River network is important natural and historical heritage.In recent years,because of rapid urban development,river network has been seriously damaged by human activities.The study area is Shanghai Qingpu District. In order to coordinate the conflict between construction land expansion and river network protection, this paper studied zoning of river network protection by applying minimum cumulative resistance model.The result are as follows.(1)River network had a significant corridor effect in south of the Yangtze River.(2)Qingpu District could be divided into five parts:river network special conservation zone,river network key protected zone,river network landscape reserve zone,river network ecological construction zone and river network landscape restoration zone.(3)Minimum cumulative resistance model had good applicability in river network protection

The new requirements of industrial transformation and spatial structure remodeling is explained，also the selfadapt law of coordination development between them is summarized systemly in this study.SuXiChang area in Jiangsu province is taken for an example，the evolution feature and matching relations about industrial structure and spatial structure in different development stage is demonstrated by the data from the reform and opening.Finally some policy recommendations about industrial and spatial restructuring are put forward.The empirical result indicates that each development stage promotion is actually a course of development model innovation in SuXiChang region,at the same time with a new round of industrial structure adjustment and reorganization of spatial structure.There is an inner strong correlation among development sta〖JP2〗ge,industrial pattern and spatial structure.In the different development stages,there is different characteristics and the best matching model between industrial structure and spatial structure.Only both of  them are consistent in the development stage，the economic and society are developed  coordinately

Based on information entropy and previous studies,taking Wuhan urban ecosystem(WUE) from 2000 to 2009 as an example，with the calculation of inputoutput entropy inflow,metabolism entropy production and total entropy in WUE,this paper analyzed the rule and reasons of dynamic evolvement in WUE, and then used the indexes of integrated development degree and harmony development degree to assess the level of sustainable development of WUE.The results indicates that the system entropy inflow and total entropy decreased with losing of time,but entropy production first increased and then decreased.This implies that urban health level improved continuously but unsteadily from 2000 to 2010.Both integrated development degree and harmony development degree increased in recent years,indicating that WUE was in the state of sustainable development,but still in the primary harmony development level

Guizhou province is a typical old revolutionary base area,minority ethnic area,remote and mountainous area,belonging to the backward regions in regional development of the whole country.Based on economic development statistic data of 88 counties in Guizhou province in 2010,this paper selected 10 representative indicators including Per Capita Gross Domestic Product,Per Capita Annual Net Income of Rural Households,Per Capita Investment in Fixed Assets,Per Capita Budgetary Revenue,Per Capita Total Retails Sales of Consumer Goods,Capital Construction,Rate of Rural Employment,Rate of Secondary and Tertiary Industry,Increase Rate in GDP,Number of Secondary Schools Per 10 Thousands People,and constructed an index system to evaluate the county economic strength of Guizhou province by using AHP (analytic hierarchy process) method.Then according to economic strength scores of 88 counties and average and standard deviation of these scores,the 88 counties were divided into four main categories,suchas developed counties,less developed counties,least developed counties and undeveloped counties.At last,county economic strength was showed through a map by using GIS technology.This can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of regional development in Guizhou Province.The results show that:there is a certain degree of spatial aggregation in the same level of development of the counties in Guizhou province;most parts of central cities do not reflect the role of economy leader,some even  develop badly;the level of economic development is significantly associated with transport accessibility;the 11 minority ethnic counties belong to undeveloped ones and generally lag behind the other regions except Yuping;the tourism industry has been developing very quickly,whose role of the dominant industry is beginning to show,but still has a huge space for the development.In view of this,this paper put forward recommendations for future development in Guizhou province:give policy support for central cities and the governments pay more attention to financial investment;speed up the process of marketization of minority ethnic areas,contribute to the extensive cooperation among the counties actively;accelerate the construction of secondary traffic roads such as regional roads,local sidewalk,to facilitate the flow of supplies and improve the accessibility of tourist attractions;develop tourism to make it the leading industry of Guizhou province.〖HJ1〗〖HJ〗

The study of urban ethnic communities plays an important role in social space research.In recent years,a spate of studies have examined the transformation of urban social space under the perspective of social economic transition,However,there are few research from the perspective of ruralurban migration especially the crossethnic ghettos.This paper  takes Lhasa Hebalin community as an example to explore the characteristics and mechanism of social space.Under a microscopic lens,both questionnaires and halfstructured interviews are used in the survey of 2009.Muslim gathering in Lhasa as early as 10th century AD has a sharply increase in 2006.Opening the QinghaiTibet Railway,two different minorities,two different religions,make this area very special.However,due to low level of education of its population,and mobility,there is a certain degree of social instability.Hebalin Islamic Community is a new dimension of sociospatial segregation and ethnicity

The temporal and spatial characteristics of wind regime have been monitored using the Weatherhawk automatic weather station for 3 years in the Shanghai Pudong coastal area.The results were as follows. (1) Characteristic of the wind regime,in this study area,was in accordance with the climate of humid subtropical monsoon. (2) The wind speed was obviously reduced through the 〖WTBX〗Metasequoia glyptostroboides〖WTBZ〗 shelter forest. (3) The diurnal change of wind speed displayed a curve of single peak,with the minimum value at sunrise and peak value at midday. (4) The sheltering effect was changing with the circulation of monsoon

A water resources supply and demand system dynamic model was built up to simulate the change trends of the balance of water resources supply and demand in Hunan Province from 2010 to 2030 in four different scenarios,such as traditional development model,economic development model,water saving model and concerted development model.The simulation suggested that the problem of water resources supply and demand was becoming increasingly conspicuous with growing population and fast developing economies in Hunan Province.Water resources supply basically met the growing demands of economic and social development,and generated great comprehensive benefits under concerted development model.It would be the best to develop and utilize water resources in Hunan Province.We should strengthen the management on water conservation,optimize economic structure,improve water conservancy construction,accelerate the recycling of waste water and environmental improvement,promote the utilization ratio and the support capabilities of water resources to realize the strategic goal of building a waterefficient society

There are several old river courses located in the lower reach of the Jingjiang.The area includes two national natural reserves and two national breeding bases of natural parent fish,which make it very important to conserve the special ecosystem.In the study,the distribution and connection characteristics of old river courses are analyzed.There are seven old river courses in the lower Jingjiang.The old courses mainly distributed in left bank of the Jingjiang and their areas range from 32 km2 to 219 km2.Though the old courses all are connected with the Jingjiang,only two of them,Heiwawu and Shangchewan,still keep the natural connectivity with the river.Northern Nianziwan,Tianezhou and Laojianghe have been controlled by the sluice gate.Among the old courses,the connected ones have bigger average area than the obstructed ones.It illustrates that the connectivity property protect the old courses hard to be transferred to the cultivated fields.The old courses form from 1980s with the five natural curving cutoffs and two humaninduced engineering ones.The natural curving cutoffs mostly occur one time in 22-23 years,and now it is a potential dangerous period for 18 years to the last naturally curving cutoff.According to the form and change history of old river courses,the flow and sediment dramatic variation is a key factor to cause the river regime shifting.So the flowsediment data series of the Jingjiang from 1950 to 2008 are involved to explain the variation scale after the three gorge project (TGP) operation.There are not more than 5% runoffs differences between the preTGP and postTGP in the Jingjiang.The sediment transportations in Shashi and Jianli decrease 81% and 72% respectively after TGP operation,indicating that the dramatic sediment discharge reduction occurred.The river bathymetric data before and after the TGP operation of the lower Jingjiang also suggests that the river channel is in the instability.The scouring depth of Shishou and Jianli are correspondingly 008 m and 007 m in Sept.1998-Oct.2002,and change to 113m and 074 m in Oct.2002-Oct.2008.The souring rates of two ranges in the Jingjiang are increased from 2 cm/a and 1.8 cm/a to 18 cm/a and 12 cm/a after TGP operation.It means that the great scouring function would decrease the Jingjiang river water stage 18 cm and 12 cm with the same runoff,and reduce the possibility of the connection between old river courses and the Jingjiang.For the controlled old courses,the scoring process could prohibit its achievement of floodin from the river and reduce the production of the national breeding bases of natural parent fish.The naturally connected ones also would be impacted by the process and interfered with their protection of some rare species such as river dolphin and David′s deer.Though the embankment of the Jingjiang started from East Jin dynasty and has a development history more than 600 years,only the Jingjiang bank is the first grade bank,Jingnan bank and Honghu bank are the second grade bank.All the old courses are not located at the protected area of these great banks.The limited control effect of recent banks in the Jingjiang is difficult to keep the river regime safely near the old river courses.The potential evolvement trends of the Jingjiang could cause the connection possibility of the old river course decrease,which will accelerate the obstructed process of the old river courses.To keep the ecological security of the old river courses,it is necessary to investigate the hydraulic and hydrologic evolvement of the Jingjiang and develop the suitable engineering project to protect them.〖

The numerical simulation method is applied to predict and assess water quality risk for drinking water sources disturbed by hydroelectric projects,and the objective is to identify the influence of such projects.The case study was a drinking water source within the planned XunYang Reservoir at the upper reach of the Hanjiang River.A 2dimension water flow and water quality model was constructed.The propertied of hydrodynamics and water quality were analyzed,and the worst scenario was used for risk assessment.The hazard of eutrophication was evaluated by the flow and tropic states.The results indicated that,the inlet for drinking water would be under the threat from a nearby tributary (the Yue River) after the construction of the project,and the risk of drinking water pollution would be increased.Required drinking water quality would not be satisfied if the water quality in the tributary did not meet the standards under certain reservoir operation scenarios.However,the tropic level of water would not be significantly influenced by the project.This study could be applied for similar projects for water quality assessment.〖

The Vegetation Fractional Coverage (VFC) is a fundamental parameter of climate and hydrologic models.The spatiotemporal distribution and change of the VFC is important for future regional planning and governmental policymaking.Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） vegetation index (VI) is an important data to extract global and regional VFC.The objectives of this study are to explore the potential of quantitatively estimating the VFC using timeseries of MODIS 250 m Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) 16day data and other auxiliary MODIS data,and to monitor the spatiotemporal patterns of the changes from 2000 to 2009 in the Sanjiangyuan Region.Under the assumption that each pixel of a MODIS image contains two NDVI end members:vegetation NDVI (NDVIveg) and bare soil NDVI (NDVIsoil),this paper improved the determination of parameters NDVIveg and NDVIsoil in the pixel unmixing model.Then based on the timeseries reconstruction of MODIS data,the VFC was quantitatively retrieved using different pixel unmixing models.The retrieval accuracy was assessed at 8872% and the correlation was 08897 for Aug.2007,which suggested this method might be generally useful for VFC estimation at broad spatial scales.The interannual dynamic variability trends and the spatiotemporal landscape patterns of change were characterized over the past ten years based on the yearmaximization vegetation fractional coverage (Mfc).The slope trend analysis and field investigation indicated that the change trend of vegetation was fluctuant and the VFC had been improved in the eastern part while worsened in the western part.The area of vegetation degradation was larger than that of vegetation improvement from 2000 to 2009.The patterns of change revealed that the coverage fragmentation had been decreasing and the complicated degree of the distribution of different grades had been reduced

Planning sites of new nuclear plants expand gradually from the coast to the inland areas,especially in the Yangtze River basin,while China speeds up the construction of nuclear energy,which makes it necessary to improve nuclear power water resources management.This paper takes the USA as the research reference,discusses the historical data of water withdrawal of inland nuclear power plants and water resources guarantee of cooling water source.The data calculation results reveals that it needs no much water withdrawal during the construction period,while during operation period the water quantity needed is related with the type of cooling system.The kind of onethough requires much more water than the recycled ones,and the third generation is similar with the second ones.On the other hand,in this paper we calculated hydrologic characteristic values of water sources of American inland nuclear power plants,the results could provide some references for Chinese nuclear plant construction and the design of the storage tank capacity of low radioactive waste liquid

The carbon emissions from agricultural ecosystem of the Wan Jiang City Belt from 1991 to 2010 was calculated based on seven main kinds of agricultural carbon sources including fertilizers,pesticides,agricultural films,agricultural irrigation,farmland tillage,agricultural machinery and the decomposition of roots after the harvest of the crops.The result showed that the carbon emissions from the farmland of the research area from 1991 to 2010 increased from 273 to 535 million ton with an average annual growth rate of 1035%,meanwhile the carbon emissions accounted for 443% of the total amount of Anhui province in 2010.The carbon emissions from the farmland per capital and the density of carbon emissions had an average growth rate of 26% and 584% respectively during 19912010,while the carbon emission intensity decreased 3769 t/（108 Yuan·a）. The decomposition of the residual roots of the crops after harvest which accounted for 5987% was the main composition of the carbon emissions from farmland in the research area,simultaneously carbon emissions from fertilizers increased the most with an average growth rate of 1618%. Among all the cities of the research area, the maximum of carbon emissions from farmland was in Lu’an and the average growth was 298×104 t/a, followed by Anqing, and the minimum was in Tongling with the least growth of 900 t/a.The maximum of carbon emission intensity was in Lu’an,secondly in Chuzhou with the largest decrease of 64774 t/(108 Yuan·a),while the minimum was in Tongling with the least decrease of 19760 t/(108 Yuan·a).The maximum of carbon emissions from farmland per capital was in Chuzhou,but the minimum was in Tongling.The maximum of the increased amount per capital was in Lu’an which was 460 kg/a,while the minimum was in Hefei which was 039 kg/a.The maximum of the average growth rate of carbon emission density was 836% in Wuhu,while the minimum was 345% in Ma’anshan.Finally,some suggestions were put forward to reduce the carbon emissions from farmland according to the characters of the formation and dynamics of agricultural carbon sources in the research area

Based on the weather data from 34 meteorological stations in Chongqing during 19612010,and by using statistical methods and inverse distance weighted interpolation(IDW)，the changing characteristics of agricultural climate resources were analyzed.The agricultural climate resources included yearly average temperature,temperaturedefined growing period mean temperature,≥10℃ accumulated temperature,precipitation and sunshine hours.The results indicated that the annual mean temperature in Chongqing showed an overall increase slowly during 19612010,and the growing rate was 037℃/10 a.≥10℃ accumulated temperature showed increasing trends in temperaturedefined growing period,the mean growing rate was 1162℃/10 a,and the increasing trend was obvious in the eastnortheast region.The annual precipitation and the precipitation in temperaturedefined growing period decreased gradually from southeast to northwest,the average decreasing trend were 1972 mm/10 a and 1185 mm/10 a,respectively.The sunshine hours of the annual and temperaturedefined growing period within about 90% meteorological stations decreased,and the decreasing trend was more significant in west region than that in east region

There is a close relationship between carbon emissions,energy consumption and economic growth.Whether implementation of carbon emission reduction measures will affect the economic growth in the Yangtze River Delta region and what kind of relationship among energy consumption,energy structure and carbon emissions are the urgent problem which are thought about in making the carbon emission reduction policies in the development of the Yangtze River Delta region.This paper examinesd the casual relationship between carbon emissions,energy consumption and economic growth using the ARDL model and Granger causality test model in the Yangtze River Delta region (Shanghai,Zhejiang,Jiangsu)during 1990-2010.The results indicated that when the carbon emissions, energy consumption and economic growth were the regression variables,respectively,there were the longterm stability cointegration relationship between other explanatory variables and each regression variable.In the longterm relationship,there was the negative impact on carbon emissions from economic growth.The impact of energy consumption on economic growth was positive.The impact of energy consumption on economic growth was around 067 and statistically significant at 1% level,meaning that 1% increase in energy consumption would result in 067% increase in economic growth.The longrun impact of carbon emission on economic growth was negative.The impact of carbon emission on economic growth was around 049 and statistically significant at 1% level,meaning that 1% increase in carbon emission would result in 049% decrease in economic growth.Both in longrun and shortrun relationship,the impact of energy consumption on carbon emissions was positive and significant at 1% level.This indicated that the proportion of highcarbon energy consumption reduction and the reduction of energy consumption would contribute to achieve the carbon reduction goals in the Yangtze River Delta region.When energy consumption was a regression variable,there was no shortrun relationship among economic growth,carbon emissions and energy consumption.However,the carbon emissions had a positive impact on energy consumption both in the short and long term relationship.Granger causality studies showed that:when the lag length was 3 or 4,respectively,there was unidirectional causality from economic growth to energy consumption and carbon emissions.There was not unidirectional causality from energy consumption and carbon emissions to economic growth.And the direction causal relationship between carbon emissions and energy consumption did not exist.In the shortterm relationship,the impact of economic growth on carbon emissions was not significant,when carbon emissions was a regressive variable.The stability test showed that when carbon emissions,energy consumption and economic growth were as the regression variables,the calculations of the interaction impact among the carbon emissions,energy consumption and economic growth were stable and reliable.Therefore,to develop and implement appropriate energy saving and emission reduction policies will not impede the economic growth in the Yangtze River Delta region.When making energy conservation policy,government should first consider optimizing the energy structure and reducing the proportion of the highcarbon energy consumption in the Yangtze River Delta region.Government should actively develop a lowcarbon technologies (coal clean and efficient use of carbon dioxide capture and sequestration),and vigorously develop and use lowcarbon renewable energy and new energy sources (nuclear,solar,wind,biomass,geothermal,ocean,hydrogen)alternative to traditional highcarbon fossil fuels,and improve the Yangtze River Delta region overreliance on fossil energy consumption structure.Then,we focus on reducing energy intensity and industrial structure adjustment,optimization and upgrading

In the present study,the vertical variation of different phosphorus forms were investigated in both sediment and interstitial water samples from three typical sites in Lake Donghu.The results showed that:(1) the highest concentration of TP was found at the most polluted site near the outfall of domestic sewerage (site I),and the lowest concentration of TP was detected at the center of Lake Donghu (siteⅡ);(2) the major and the minimal forms of TP were iron bounded phosphorus (FeP,accounted for 3885%5914%) and liable phosphorus (LP,accounted for 027%149%),respectively;(3) the high concentration of mobile phosphorus was detected,and the result indicated that the sediment in Lake Donghu could become a potential sourse for phosphorus release;(4) high concentration gradient of PO3-4 between interstitial water and overlying water was detectived,but it is not the determinant factor of the exchange of phosphorus between interstitial water and overlying water of Lake Donghu

Riverine sediment cores of the Hanjiang River tributaries and corresponding river mouths in the upper reach of the Danjiangkou Reservoir were taken to analyze the sedimentary heavy metal contents at vertical profile,then environmental risk of those metals was assessed by using both effects limits (the standard of New York state department of environmental conservation,NYSDEC) and Lars Hkanson potential ecological risk index.The results showed that contents of Cd,Cr,Cu,and Zn in the sediment cores from the river mouth were 186,2712,9991 and 4783 mg/kg,respectively,which were at least 2 times than those in the Hanjiang River tributaries.According to NYSDEC guidlines,contents of Pb in the surface sediments (010 cm) were below LEL (Lowest Effect Level) value,and it was between LEL and SEL (Severe Effect Level) value for Cd,as well as for Ni.However,contents of Cr,Cu and Zn in certain layer of surface sediments exceeded their respective SEL values,indicating severely sedimentary pollution. Enrichment factors for Cd,Cr,Cu and Zn in surface sediments were 712,180,163 and 284,respectively.Correlation analysis revealed that Ni and Pb were originated from natural sources,while Cd,Cr,Cu and Zn were mainly influenced by anthropogenic activities.Compared to the background values of the Danjiangkou Reservoir,the studied heavy metals in the surface sediments had a high ecological risk in sequence as follow Cd ＞ Cu ＞Cr＞Zn＞Pb

Although reform and opening up in China over the past 30 years has made remarkable economic achievements,China pay heavy ecological and environmental costs.Environmental pollution not only causes huge economic losses,but also severely restricts the comprehensive development of society.Therefore,scientific evaluation of the status quo of the environmental quality in different region of China is the premise of improving environment quality.It’s the foundation to construct resourcesaving and environmentfriendly society.
The issue,from the six dimensions of air,water,waste,garbage,noise,soil and so on,constructed a comprehensive evaluation system for environmental quality which contained 11 indicators（carbon dioxide emissions;industrial waste gas emission;the total emission of sulfur dioxide emissions;soot emissions;industrial dust emission;industrial waste water discharge;sewage discharge;industrial solid wastes discharged;noise level;living garbage transport volume;the amount of chemical fertilizer） and employed a evaluation method called “vertical and horizontal scatter” based on the overall differences.From different perspectives,this paper also evaluated the environmental quality synthetically and dynamically for over 30 provinces and regions during 20032010,and tested the convergence to study its internal evolution.The results are as follows.(1)From the perspective of environment pollution（ENindex1）,the environment quality of the West was the best,the East was better than the Middle,but the index of pollution in the West showed the tendency of rising.(2)From the perspective of environment cost for economic development（ENindex2）,the East was the lowest and occupied the first,the Middle was second,and the West was the worst.Shanxi,Qinghai,Guagnxi,Neimenggu were the most environmental cost regions,while Beijing,Shanghai,Tianjin,Guangdong were the least environmental cost provinces.(3) From the perspective of per capita pollution emission（ENindex3）,the East was the least and occupied the first,the Middle was second.The West was the worst and rose since 2008.(4) It was different for σ convergence.There was divergent of ENindex1 in overall country,the East,the Middle and the West,but was convergent since 2005.ENindex2 was convergent since 2007 in the East and the Middle.ENindex3 was convergent in the East and the Middle,but the overall country was divergent.(5)In the test results of absolute β convergence,ENindex1 was convergent in overall country,but ENindex2 and ENindex3 were not.The ENindex1,ENindex2 and ENindex3 in overall country were not club convergence.The ENindex1,ENindex2 and ENindex3 were club convergent in the Middle since 2007.The ENindex1 was club convergent in the West,but the others were divergent.(6) As for the tests of conditional  β convergence,ENindex1 and ENindex2 in overall country were convergent,the ENindex3 was divergent.The pattern of economic growth and human capital had significant effects on the convergence in ENindex1 of overall country,and human capital was helpful for convergence in ENindex2.All indexes in the East,the Middle and the West were not convergent.
On this basis,this paper could provide some policy suggestions for energy conservation and emission reduction in sustainable development in our country