长江流域资源与环境 >> 2014, Vol. 23 >> Issue (s): 132-.doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj2014Z1019

• 生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

无锡城市化对气象要素的影响

夏 健,刘端阳 ,周 彬,牛文胜,吴 莹   

  1. (江苏省无锡市气象局,江苏 无锡 214101)
  • 出版日期:2014-11-26

INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN URBANIZATION PROCESS AND CLIMATIC CHANGES IN WUXI

XIA Jian, LIU Duanyang, ZHOU Bin, NIU Wensheng, WU Ying   

  1. (Wuxi Meteorological Observatory of Jiangsu Province, Wuxi 214101, China)
  • Online:2014-11-26

摘要:

近20 a来,无锡城市化和工业化发展较快,建成区面积显著增加,耕地面积锐减;能源消耗量、汽车拥有量以及工业废气排放量逐年增加。利用1955~2012年无锡市气象资料,对无锡市近60 a来的气候变化特征进行分析,并讨论了气候变化特征对城市化的响应。结果表明:(1)近60 a来无锡市平均气温、最高和最低气温、极端最高和最低气温都呈上升趋势,高温日数逐年增加,且1980年后尤为明显,低温日数减少,气温日较差减小。(2)年平均相对湿度呈下降趋势,2000年以后下降明显,年平均相对湿度≤75%的年份有10 a,全部都出现在2002年后。年平均降水量变化不大,小雨频次减少,雨量区域性分布不均匀;极端降水年增加,且雨量较为集中。低云量和日照时数减少,2002年以后低云量基本在25%以下,90年代日照时数降幅最明显,平均日照时数减少了1291 h。(3)城市热岛效应全年都较显著,冬季更为显著,城市气温高于区域均值03℃~08℃,沿湖地区和乡村则基本低于区域均值0℃~08℃。(4)霾日数明显增多雾日数显著减少,2003年后霾日数大都在30 d以上,雾日数在10 d左右。(5)城市化和工业化发展引起了城市热岛效应和城市浊岛效应,改变了下垫面条件,影响了气温、相对湿度和降雨的时空分布,也导致了霾日的增加和雾日的减少

Abstract:

For past 20 years, rapid urbanization and industrialization in Wuxi, not only made a significant increase in builtup area and a rapid drop in arable land, but increased energy consumption, car ownership, and industrial emissions year by year. The characteristics of climate changes and their response to urbanization effects in Wuxi City during last nearly 60 years were analyzed, using the meteorological data of Wuxi from 1995 to 2012. The results showed that the average temperatures, maximum and minimum temperatures, and the extreme maximum and minimum temperatures all had significant upward tendency, and the high temperature days increased year by year, especially after 1980, while the low temperatures, diurnal temperatures and the average relative humidities all had a downward tendency. There were few changes in precipitation, but the rainfall was not in uniform distribution. The drizzle frequencies, the low cloud cover and the sunshine hours were all in downward trend. Urban Heat Island (UHI) was more significant throughout the year, especially in Winter. The urban temperatures were 03℃-08℃ higher than the regional average, but the temperatures of area around lake region and country were below the regional average of 0℃-08℃. There was an increase in haze days but not foggy days, the haze days were mostly more than 30 days and the foggy days in 10 days or so after 2003. Urbanization and industrialization caused the UHI effect and urban dirty island effect (UDI effect), changing the surface conditions, and then affected the spatial and temporal distribution of temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall, which led to an increase in haze days and decrease in foggy days

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