Abstract: Under the background of the continuous improvement of the specialized agricultural service system, using the survey data of 704 rice farmers in Hubei and Jiangxi provinces, the binary Logit model is used to empirically analyze the impact of rice farmers' risk perception and specialized agricultural services on their adoption behavior of biological pesticide technology. The results show that: (1) the adoption rate of biological pesticide technology by farmers is low, and 55.54% of rice farmers still do not use biological pesticide. (2) Risk perception has a significant impact on rice farmers' adoption of biological pesticide technology. Specifically, rice farmers with higher technology and market risk perceptions are less likely to adopt technology. (3)Specialized agricultural services have a significant positive effect on rice farmers 'adoption of biological pesticide technology, and can alleviate the inhibition effect of risk perception on the rice farmers' adoption of biological pesticide technology. (4) Compared with large-scale households, agricultural socialization services are more effective in alleviating the inhibitory effect of market risk perception on the adoption of biological pesticide technology by small farmers, but the mitigation effect of their technical risk perception is not obvious. Therefore, while increasing technical publicity and field guidance, improving the agricultural materials market and agricultural product market system, and increasing the intensity of biological pesticide subsidies to reduce farmers' technology and market risk perceptions, it is necessary to promote the promotion and application of biological pesticide technology by expanding the service content and service objects of specialized agricultural services and optimizing the agricultural market environment of small farmers.