Abstract:  The monitoring data in Shishou Section of the Yangtze River. There were 41 species in Cypriniformes, accounting for 66.1% of the total species. There was difference in the number of fish species between years, with 2021 seeing more species than any other year. The diversity index and multivariate statistical analysis showed that the Pielou evenness index and Simpson dominance index fluctuated the Shannon-Wiener index and Margalef richness index in 2021 were larger than those in other years. The ABC curve and W statistics showed that the fish community structure was relatively stable in 2018, and the dominant species were mainly large individual species. From 2020 to 2021, the fish community mainly consists of species with short life cycle and small individuals. In 2022, compared 2020-2021, the fish community was relatively stable. Cluster analysis and NMDS analysis showed that the fish community could be divided into two groups ANOSIM test showed no significant difference between the two groups. SIMPER’s analysis showed that the abundance of benthic omnivorous fish adapted to flowing water environment decreased from 2020 to 2022 compared with 2018，while  abundance of benthic carnivorous fish adapted to still water and semi-migratory fish increased， the fish community in Shishou section of the Yangtze River was stable, and the fish size tended to increase.