长江流域资源与环境 >> 2025, Vol. 34 >> Issue (3): 534-545.doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj202503006

• 自然资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

南水北调水源涵养区官山河流域河流水化学特征及影响因素研究

张乾柱1,吴颐杭1,罗袁2,金可1,卢阳1   

  1. (1.长江科学院重庆分院, 重庆 400026; 2.重庆交通大学河海学院, 重庆 400074)
  • 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-03-20

Hydrochemical Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Guanshan River in Water Conservation Area of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project

ZHANG Qian-zhu1, WU Yi-hang1, LUO Yuan2, JIN Ke1, LU Yang1   

  1. (1.Chongqing Branch, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Chongqing 400026, China; 2.College of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China)
  • Online:2025-03-20 Published:2025-03-20

摘要: 官山河是丹江口水库重要入库支流,是南水北调中线工程的核心水源区。通过数理统计、Piper三线图、Gibbs模型和主成份分析(PCA)等方法,结合氢氧稳定同位素(δD、δ18O)示踪手段,探讨了流域河水水化学类型、离子空间分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明,官山河水体pH值介于7.38~8.91之间,呈中偏弱碱性,水体TDS总体变化在122~265 mg/L范围内,干流水体理化性质受支流汇入影响;流域水体水化学特征为“Ca-HCO3”型,Ca2+含量占阳离子总量的51%~70%,HCO3-含量占阴离子总量的49%~83%;河流水体氢氧同位素、氘盈余值与离子浓度特征揭示降雨是流域水体主要补给来源,蒸发作用亦是控制流域河水水化学特征的重要因素;河流水体水化特征主要受碳酸盐岩和硅酸盐岩风化共同影响,碳酸和硫酸是参与流域内岩石风化主要酸性介质,离子交换是水体具有较高Na+/Cl-比值的重要原因,NO3-一定程度上受到生活污水排放等人为活动影响。受益于南水北调水源区水环境保护措施,人类活动对官山河流域水环境总体影响较少。

Abstract: The Guanshan River, an important incoming tributary of the Danjiangkou Reservoir, serves as the crucial water source for the Middle Line of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. Mathematical statistics, Piper trilinear plots, Gibbs models, principal component analysis (PCA), and the stable isotopes of hydrogen (δD) and oxygen (δ18O) were used to explore the hydrochemical types, the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of ions. The results indicated that the pH value of Guanshan River was between 7.38 and 8.91, which was moderately alkalescent. The TDS ranged from 122 to 265 mg/L and the physical and chemical properties of the main stream were affected by the influx of tributaries. The chemical characteristic was the "Ca-HCO3" type, with Ca2+ being the primary cation, accounting for 51% to 70% of the total, and HCO3- being the primary anion, accounting for 49% to 83%. The characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, deuterium excess value and ion concentrations revealed that atmospheric precipitation was the main recharge source of surface water, and evaporation was also an important factor controlling hydrochemical characteristics of Guanshan River. The hydration characteristics of rivers were predominated by the weathering of carbonate and silicate rocks. Carbonic and sulfuric acid were the primary acidic media contributing to the weathering of rocks in the basin. Ion exchange was an important reason for the high Na+/Cl- ratio in river. Nitrate was to some extent affected by human activities such as domestic sewage discharge. Generally, anthropogenic activities had a little impact on the Guanshan River, due to the aquatic environment protection measures taken in the water source area of the South-to-North Water Diversion project.

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