Abstract: The study of urban ecological characteristics, dynamics and response to extreme weather and climate in Shanghai is of great significance for deepening the understanding of urban ecosystem, ecological environment protection and disaster prevention and reduction. The normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) and net primary productivity (NPP), as important ecological indicators to characterize ecosystem function and assess ecological environment quality, have been widely used to study the effects of extreme weather and climate on vegetation and ecosystem in recent years. Based on NDVI and NPP data from 2001 to 2022, the spatial and temporal distribution and change characteristics of urban ecological indicators (NDVI and NPP) in Shanghai were analyzed from the perspectives of satellite remote sensing monitoring and ecological process model using GIS spatial analysis, trend analysis and interval statistics. The difference of urban ecological indicators in different extreme weather and climate years (including high-temperature and low-temperature years, andrainy and less-rainy years) was also compared. The results showed that the ecological indicators were lower in the urban areas and the suburbs, but higher in the outer suburbs, including Chongming, Jinshan, Qingpu, Fengxian and the southern part of Pudong. Compared with 2001-2005, the urban ecological indicators from 2018 to 2022 were generally improved in Shanghai, especiallyin the urban areas and the suburbs, southern Qingpu, western Songjiang, southern Fengxian and eastern Chongming. In the past 22 years, NDVI and NPP increased significantly with the trends of 0.021 and 28.9 gC·m^-2 per decade, respectively, and both experienced an interannual change of first decreasing and then increasing. The spatial distribution in differences of ecological indicators was obvious between high-temperature years and low-temperature years and between rainy years and low-rainy years in Shanghai. In general, the urban ecological indicators were higher in high-temperature years and rainy years, especially in and around the urban areas, the ecological indicators were significantly higher in high-temperature and rainy years than in low-temperature and low-rainy years. This study provided reference for ecological protection and restoration and the construction of beautiful countryside in Shanghai.