长江流域资源与环境 >> 2025, Vol. 34 >> Issue (4): 813-823.doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj202504010

• 自然资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

齐口裂腹鱼栖息地产卵场水力微生境修复研究

刘明洋1,2    

  1. (1.四川轻化工大学管理学院,四川 宜宾 643000;2.四川大学水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室,四川 成都 610065) 
  • 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-04-29

Research on Hydraulic Microhabitat Restoration of Habitat Spawning Ground of Schizothorax Prenanti

LIU Ming-yang 1,2    

  1. (1.School of Management, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 643000, China;2.State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China) 
  • Online:2025-04-20 Published:2025-04-29

摘要: 齐口裂腹鱼栖息地产卵场水力微生境具有多指标几何特征。姜射坝下游减水河段修建什么类型生态丁坝角度是合理的,如何衡量生态丁坝修复后水域是否具有产卵场的水力特征,这涉及到较多模糊概念的度量与表征;目前,仅依靠积累一定的实践经验或模型试验去确定不同河流的生态丁坝角度。基于Vague集理论建立栖息地修复后产卵场水力微生境相似度模型,参照国外产卵场修复案例,构建齐口裂腹鱼栖息地产卵场修复后微生境相似度标准;借助平均水深二维水动力学模型,对姜射坝齐口裂腹栖息地产卵场修复河段的水深、流速、涡量等水力微生境进行模拟,研究不同角度、不同类型生态丁坝对齐口裂腹鱼栖息地产卵场水力微生境的影响,再利用改进的Vague集验证生态丁坝的修复效果。研究结果表明:在流量较小、生态丁坝间距一定的情况下,正交L形生态丁坝的修复效果最好;生态丁坝有效长度与有效河宽之比愈大的丁坝群,修复后的水力微生境相似度高。

Abstract: The hydraulic microhabitat of spawning ground of Schizothorax Prenantihabitat is a multi-indicator set.What type of ecological spur dike angle is reasonable in the downstream water-reducing reach after the construction of Jiangshe dam? How to measure whether the water area after the restoration of ecological spur dikes still has the hydraulic characteristics of spawning ground? These issues involve the measurement and representation of more fuzzy concepts.Up to date, the engineers only rely on the accumulation of practical experience or model test to guide the ecological spur dikes angle of different rivers.In this paper, the similarity model of hydraulic microhabitat in habitat spawning ground was established by vague set after restoration, and the similarity standard for microhabitats in spawning grounds after restoration of the habitat of Schizothorax Prenantiwas constructed with reference to foreign spawning ground restoration cases.Based on the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of average water depth, hydraulic microhabitat of habitat spawning ground of Schizothorax Prenanti in the repaired river section of Jiangshe dam were simulated in terms of water depth, flow velocity, vorticity,and other factors.The effects of different angles and types of ecological spur dikes were studied on the hydraulic microhabitats of habitat spawning ground of Schizothorax Prenanti.Then, the improved vague set was used to verify the repair effect of ecological spur dikes.The research results indicated that the orthogonal L-shaped ecological spur dikes had the best repaired effect when there was a small flow and a certain distance between ecological spur dikes.The results also demonstrated that a larger ratio of the effective length of ecological spur dikes to the effective width of the river facilitated a higher similarity of hydraulic microhabitats after restoration.

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