Abstract: The changes in water use structure in Hubei Province are crucial for implementing the "spatial balance" water management strategy and promoting regional water resource allocation. Hubei Province, classified as a region with mild water scarcity, has gradually revealed issues related to the balance of water use structure. This paper analyzed the evolution of water use structure and the spatial distribution characteristics of various water use types in Hubei Province′s cities and prefectures from 2000 to 2022, based on the theories of information entropy and the Lorenz curve. The results indicated an overall upward trend in the total water use, with the proportions of different water use types remaining relatively stable and the system′s balance gradually improving. By 2022, agricultural water use dominated the province′s total water use, with a Gini coefficient of 0.193, which indicated a balanced spatial distribution. Domestic water use showed an increasing trend, which was mainly concentrated in the western and eastern regions, with a Gini coefficient of 0.380, which suggested an increasing spatial distribution disparity. Industrial water use proportion showed a decreasing trend, with a Gini coefficient of 0.299, which indicated an increasingly unbalanced spatial distribution. Ecological and environmental water use increased in recent years, in the areas concentrated in the central region, with a Gini coefficient of 0.543, which indicated a significant and growing spatial distribution disparity. This study provided a reference for future adjustments in industrial structure and water resource optimization in Hubei Province′s cities and prefectures to further promote "spatial balance" development.