Abstract: Study on the resilience of the agricultural products supply chain in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) is conducive to the optimization of the regional industrial layout. It is also of great significance to realize "Chinese modernization" and to build a new pattern of regional agricultural products supply chain development. Combined with the five characteristics of Chinese modernization, this study constructed a comprehensive evaluation index system for the resilience level of agricultural products supply chain in the YREB. The regional differences, temporal and spatial evolution and obstacle factors of the resilience were explored, for 2012-2022. The entropy method, Dagum Gini coefficient, Markov chain method, kernel density estimation and obstacle degree model were used. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) The resilience level showed a sustained growth trend for the studied period, with significant differences showing a decreasing trend in resilience levels among provinces and cities. The resilience level in various regions showed an obvious regional imbalance pattern. (2) The overall differences were mainly due to regional differences, and the contribution rate of regional differences was generally decreasing. (3) The resilience level in various provinces and cities demonstrated a strong stability, and the radiation effect of high-level provinces and cities was significant. (4) There was a severe imbalance and polarization in the regional development. (5) Local financial support, full-time equivalent of local R&D personnel and the proportion of agricultural product imports and exports were found to be the  the main obstacles that affected the resilience level. The full-time equivalent of local R&D personnel, the proportion of agricultural products import and export and the intensity of the fixed assets investment of agricultural products were the highest proportion among the barrier factors of upstream, midstream and downstream provinces and cities, respectively.