Abstract: Investigating the spatiotemporal relationship between carbon emissions and ecosystem service values (ESV) from a land use change perspective is crucial for deepening our understanding of human-land system interactions, formulating effective environmental protection policies, and fostering green economic development. This study focused on Sichuan Province's land use changes from 2000 to 2022. The energy consumption data were integrated through grid analysis, combined with spatial autocorrelation models. The objective was to dissect the spatiotemporal patterns of carbon emissions and ESV as well as their interplay mechanisms. The results demonstrated that: (1)Over the past two decades, there had been an expansion in forested areas and built-up zones at the expense of arable lands, grasslands, and unused terrains, while water bodies remained relatively unchanged.(2)Net carbon emissions due to land use had shown a steady increase over time, escalating from 198.44 million tons in 2000 to 398.11 million tons by 2022. High emission intensity clusters were predominantly found within urban centers of the Sichuan Basin and Panxi city cluster,whereas low emission regions were mostly situated in mountainous western parts and periurban areas, experiencing a general decrease in size. (3)ESV witnessed a slow yet continuous rise from 1.707 trillion yuan in 2000 to 1.728 trillion yuan in 2022, with the largest contributions from forests and grasslands. Significant spatial disparities existed in ESV distributions. (4)A clear negative correlation existed between carbon emission intensity and ESV intensity, which indicated that heightened carbon emissions corresponded with reduced ecological service capabilities. The above outcomes elucidated the intricate dynamics between economic growth and environmental health in Sichuan, and offered scientific foundations for crafting sustainable strategies to balance land planning and conservation efforts.