Abstract: In order to further understand the current status of fish diversity in the National Aquatic Germplasm Resources Reserve of Procypris rabaudi and Spinibarbus sinensis in the Jialing River, a field study was carried out in June (summer) and November (winter) 2022.The fish resources in the core area and experimental area of the reserve were comprehensively investigated by combining the traditional fishery resources survey method and eDNA technology.A total of 63 fish species belonging to 44 genera, 9 families and 3 orders were investigated by the two monitoring methods.The Cypriniformes had the largest number of species, accounting for 73.02% of the total species.Analyzed from three ecological types of feeding habits, spawning types and habitat water layers, the fish in the reserve were mainly omnivorous fish (49.21%), fish spawning adhesive eggs (50.79%), and bottom-dwelling fish (46.03%).In terms of diversity indices, the average values of the Shannon -wiener diversity index, Simpson dominance index, Delta + index and Lambda + index of the traditional fishery resources survey method were 2.63, 0.86, 58.89 and 402.8 respectively.The average values of the corresponding indices of the eDNA method were 1.57, 0.60, 59.89 and 348.93, respectively.Both survey methods showed that the diversity index of the core area was higher than that of the experimental area, and the diversity index in summer was higher than that in winter.The T-test results showed that there was no significant difference in the diversity indices of the two survey methods (p > 0.05).One-way analysis of similarity (Anosim) and Jaccard similarity coefficient indicated that there were significant differences in the fish species composition between different habitats (core area and experimental area) and different seasons (summer and winter) in the reserve (p < 0.01) The fish communities were moderately dissimilar.The above results showed that the fish diversity in the reserve was at a general level to a rich level.The similarity of fish species composition between different habitats and seasons was low.In addition, the eDNA technology could be combined with the traditional survey method to complement each other, and it demonstrated a good applicability in the study of fish diversity.