Abstract: Monitoring the effectiveness of fish passage facilities, evaluation their functions and continuously optimizing and improving them are essential for adaptive management of fish passage facilities and giving full play to their functions. This study synthesizes the reported literature to analyze the current status of effectiveness monitoring for fish passage facilities in the Yangtze River, focusing on three aspects: fish passage facilities carrying out effect monitoring; the time, content and method of monitoring, performance and influencing factors. Four key challenges identified are the monitoring gaps persist across the Yangtze River Basin with incomplete data and insufficient monitoring coverage, non-uniform indicators and technical methods for monitoring and evaluation, limited adoption of intelligent monitoring technologies and data-processing capabilities, and the weak integration of monitoring results into facility optimization and adaptive management. In order to give full play to the role of fish passage facilities in the protection of the Yangtze River, some suggestions on strengthening the effecitiveness monitoring of fish passage facilities in the Yangtze River are put forward, including promoting basin-wide monitoring coverage; establishing a standard technical system for monitoring and evaluation; increasing the development of key technologies for intelligent monitoring; building an intelligent monitoring and evaluation information platform, and strengthening the application of monitoring results in the optimization of fish passage facilities.