中亚热带红壤丘陵集水区不同开发利用模式

长江流域资源与环境 >> 2004, Vol. 13 >> Issue (3): 246-251.

中亚热带红壤丘陵集水区不同开发利用模式

黄道友(1)，王克林(1)，陈桂秋(1)，黄敏(1)，张广平(2)

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2004-05-20
通讯作者: 黄道友

DIFFERENT EXPLOITATION MODELS IN CATCHMENT AREAS IN HILLY RED SOIL MIDDLE SUBTROPIC REGION

HUANG Dao-you(1)，WANG Ke-lin(1)，CHEN Gui-qiu(1)，HUANG Min(1)，ZHANG Guang-ping(2)

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2004-05-20
Contact: HUANG Dao-you

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以湖南省桃源县3个地貌完整且地理条件基本一致的集水区为代表，设置耕地集约型、土地半集约型和土地全面集约型3种垦殖模式。11年的定位观测与研究表明：（1）3种模式耕地的产、投水平基本相同，但非耕地的产、投差异甚大，形成了显著不同的土壤肥力演变特点、生物产量和经济效益，即土地集约经营的集水区，土壤侵蚀模数已接近或低于土壤允许流失值（500 t/km\+2·a），土壤有机质、N等的养分含量稳步提高（增幅＞10%），坡地和旱地的土壤贮水量在少雨季节增加20%以上，农作物大幅增产（增幅＞20%），林、果、茶、鱼等的产量以及土地生产率成倍增长；（2）不同垦殖模式代表了红壤丘陵集水区开发利用的三个发展阶段，即集水区的开发利用将由耕地集约型向土地半集约型、土地全面集约型方向发展，发展进程的快慢主要取决于主导产业或项目的生产要素容量大小、比较利益高低以及科技进步推动等的作用机制；（3）集水区土地开发利用的潜力是水面＞坡地＞旱地＞稻田，合理开发与利用非耕地土地资源的效益巨大。

关键词: 集水区, 开垦利用模式, 红壤丘陵区

Abstract: Catchment area is a basic，integral and relatively independent geoecological unit of hilly landscape in red soil regions. Taking three geomorphic integral catchment areas in Taoyuan County of Hunan Province as a case study，three kinds of plantation models were set including types of cropland intensive，halfintensive (cropland intensive plus about 50% noncropland intensive) and all intensive (cropland intensive plus noncropland intensive). The changing feature of soil fertility，potential，evolving tendency and developing mechanism of soil exploitation were then studied. Fixed observation over 11 years showed that three kinds of plantation models were at the approximate same inputoutput level，while the inputoutput level of noncropland had great deviation，with different evolving feature of soil fertility，biomass productivity and economic results. Soil erosion modulus in intensive management catchment areas was apparently decreased，which was equal or lower than soil loss tolerace(500 t/rm\+2). Soil organic matter and total nitrogen were steadily increased (increment scope >20%) in sloping land and cropland. Water conservation capacity could increase more than 20% in surface soil in sloping land and dryland in waterlack seasons. Productivity of crops was greatly improved (increment scope > 20%). Amount of tree，fruit，tea，fish and soil productivity were geminated. Three kinds of plantation models represented three developing steps in exploiting catchment areas. Soil development in catchment area should be along from cropland intensive to halfintensive，then to all land intensive. And developing speed was decided by the effect mechanism of essential factor, capacity of productivity of the dominant industry or items，relative interest，improvement of science and technology. More studies showed that the potential in developing catchment area was water surface > sloping land > dryland > paddy field. The potential was great with the rationality in development of hilly sloping land and water surface.

Key words: catchment area, exploitation model, hilly region of red soil

黄道友,王克林,陈桂秋,黄敏,张广平. 中亚热带红壤丘陵集水区不同开发利用模式[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2004, 13(3): 246-251.

HUANG Dao-you,WANG Ke-lin,CHEN Gui-qiu,HUANG Min,ZHANG Guang-ping. DIFFERENT EXPLOITATION MODELS IN CATCHMENT AREAS IN HILLY RED SOIL MIDDLE SUBTROPIC REGION[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2004, 13(3): 246-251.

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