长江上游滇西北地区植物区系组成及物种多样性

长江流域资源与环境 >> 2010, Vol. 19 >> Issue (01): 65-.

长江上游滇西北地区植物区系组成及物种多样性

冯建孟¹| 徐成东²*| 查凤书¹| 董晓东¹| 杨自忠¹

（1.大理学院生命科学与化学学院| 云南大理 671000； 2.楚雄师范学院化学与生物科学系| 云南楚雄 675000）

出版日期:2010-01-20

PLANT BIODIVERSITY AND FLORA COMPOSITION IN NORTHWESTERN YUNNAN

FENG Jianmeng¹| XU Chengdong²| ZHA Fengshu¹| DONG Xiaodong¹| YANG Zizhong^1

(1.College of Life Science and Chemistry| Dali University| Dali 671000| China； 
2.Department of Chemistry and Life Science| Chuxiong Normal University| Chuxiong 675000| China)

Online:2010-01-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

长江上游滇西北地区是全球重要的生物多样性热点地区之一，也是长江流域重要的生态屏障。利用最新的文献数据，结合过去5 a的野外考察成果，分析了滇西北地区的植物区系组成及其物种多样性。研究结果表明：滇西北地区拥有种子植物6 559种，分属于205科，1 281属。滇西北地区以04%的国土面积，拥有我国种子植物科数的74%，属数的41%和物种数的20%。同时也以10%的土地面积，拥有云南地区种子植物科数的77%，属数的55%和物种数的43%。在热带区系组成方面，比重较大的分布区类型为泛热带分布(165%)和热带亚洲分布(122%)；在温带区系方面，北温带分布和东亚分布所占比重比较高，分别为193%和145%。热带区系成分与温带区系成分所占的比重非常接近，分别为47%和53%，表现出强烈的区系过渡性，这可能与地层抬升、板块漂移和温性植物类群的迁入有关。温带区系比重略高于热带区系，说明该区域的植物区系具有一定的温凉性质，这与滇西北地区相对温凉的气候环境是一致的。科的分化强度为63；属的分化强度为51。研究区域内丰富的植物多样性与其复杂的生境、强烈的区系过渡性和区系分化是一致的。滇西北地区可能是验证、发展各种生物多样性假说的理想场所。因此，滇西北地区的植物多样性不仅值得人们关注和保护，而且也值得研究和探索。与滇东北的药山自然保护区相比，滇西北地区拥有更高比重的热带亚洲成分，这可能与古南大陆的“掸邦马来亚”板块的位移和旋转有关。滇西北地区与滇西南的铜壁关自然保护区在植物区系高级分区和系统进化的起源上具有一定的联系，在一定程度上证实了“田中线”的真实存在。联系滇西北地区植物区系与铜壁关自然保护区植物区系的节点可能是研究区域内的独龙江地区.

关键词: 滇西北地区/ 区系组成/ 物种多样性/ 生境/ 区系分化/ 区系过渡性

Abstract:

Northwestern Yunnan is one of biodiversity hotspots in the world.It is believed as important ecological shelter for the Yangtze River water shed.In this paper，species diversity and flora composition of seed plants in the region were investigated coupled with latest literature records and field work in past 5 years.The results showed that in the country scale，Northwestern Yunnan constituted 74% of families，41% of genus，and 20% of species of the total in China.In province scale，Northwestern Yunnan constituted 77% of families，55% of genus，and 43% of plant species of the total in Yunnan.In the composition of tropical elements，the biggest proportions were held by Pantropical elements(16.5%) and Tropical Asian elements(12.2%).In the temperate composition，the biggest proportions were composed by East Asia elements(19.3%) and North Temperate elements(14.5%).The proportion of tropical elements (47%) was close to that of temperate elements (53%)，indicating strong floristic transition.There was obvious temperate character in flora.Strong flora specification was found in the level of families (6.3) and genus (5.1).The richness of plant species was consistent with habitats variation，flora transition and flora specification in this region.There is great significance to testify and develop theories of biodiversity in this region.Therefore，the biodiversity in the region reserved not only the attention in biodiversity protection，but also exploration in theory.Compared with Mt.Yao Nature Reserve，the study area held much more flora elements originated from Tropical Asia which was due to the drift and convolution of ShanMalay Plate.There were strong relationship between Tongbiguan Nature Reserve and this study area in flora zone and the origin，which in some extent testified the existence of Tanaka Line.The joint which linked the study area and Tongbiguan Nature Reserve migt be the Dulongjiang Region.

Key words: Northwestern Yunnan/ flora composition/ specie diversity/ habitats/ flora differentiation/ flora transition

冯建孟, 徐成东, 查凤书, 董晓东, 杨自忠. 长江上游滇西北地区植物区系组成及物种多样性[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2010, 19(01): 65-.

FENG Jian-Meng, Xu-Cheng-Dong, Cha-Feng-Shu, Dong-Xiao-Dong, Yang-Zi-Zhong. PLANT BIODIVERSITY AND FLORA COMPOSITION IN NORTHWESTERN YUNNAN[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2010, 19(01): 65-.

参考文献

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed