长江流域资源与环境 >> 2010, Vol. 19 >> Issue (2): 164-.

• 自然资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

近53年宜昌市霾的演变特征及气象因子诊断

付晓辉|肖刚|姜玉印|高亮   

  1. (湖北省宜昌市气象局|湖北 宜昌 443000)
  • 出版日期:2010-02-20

CHARACTERISTICS OF HAZE VARIATION IN RECENT 53 YEARS ANDANALYSIS OF METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS IN YICHANG

FU Xiaohui|XIAO Gang|JIANG Yuyin, GAO Liang   

  1. (Yichang Meteorological Bureau of Hubei Province,Yichang 443000,China)
  • Online:2010-02-20

摘要:

利用1955~2007年宜昌地面观测站相对湿度、能见度资料,2001~2007年08时高空探测规定层气温资料,在对霾记录进行订正处理的基础上,研究了霾天气的气候特征以及霾与地面风向风速、地面气压场、地面气温、连续不降水日数以及高空逆温层、等温层的关系。结果表明,宜昌霾天气从70年代中后期开始迅速增加,从80年代至今每年的霾日数基本在125 d以上;冬季和初春是宜昌霾天气多发的季节,尤其是1、12月几乎有一半的时间会出现霾;5~9月降水季节由于雨水的冲刷作用,宜昌霾天气出现的较少;气压场的减弱、地面气温的增加等气象因子有利于霾天气的出现;连续无降水日数比较多的月份,对应地该月的霾日一般也比较多。同时,研究也初步揭示了近些年宜昌霾日增多除了与城市工业快速发展、生态环境遭到破坏,从而使滞留在空气中的污染物增多有关外,还与宜昌静风多、风速小,低空常存在逆温层、等温层的气候特点,以及宜昌的盛行风方向多化工企业这些因素有关.

关键词: 霾/相对湿度/能见度

Abstract:

Based on the relative humidity and visibility data of the surface observation station from 1955 to 2007 and the temperature data of aerological sounding at 8:00 from 2001 to 2007,all records of haze weather were rectified and climatic characteristics of haze were analyzed.The relation between haze and meteorological factors(surface wind direction and velocity,surface pressure,surface temperature,continuous rainless days and aerological inversion layer and isothermal layer,etc.)was also analyzed .The results show that:(1)haze days significantly rose from 1975 and the sum total of annual haze days was 125d or more since 1980s;(2)haze weather was more likely to occur in winter and early spring,especially in January and December,in which half month was not free from haze weather;(3)haze weather was less likely to occur from May to September because of rain;(4)meteorological factors,such as the decrease of surface pressure and the increase of surface temperature,were favorable for the occurrence of haze;(5)if continuous rainless days occurred more in certain month,accordingly,haze days also occurred more in this period;(6)what makes haze days more frequent in recent years is not only the fact that the rapid development of city industry and the reckless destruction of vegetation cause more air pollution,but also that the climatic features of low surface wind velocity,aerological inversion layer and isothermal layer often existing in Yichang are obvious,and that many chemical plants place in the direction of prevailing wind.

Key words: haze/relative humidity/visibility

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