金沙江一期工程蓄水前后绥江段鱼类群落多样性特征

doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201703009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探索流域梯级水电开发对鱼类群落多样性影响，于2011年（蓄水前）和2015年（蓄水后）对金沙江下游绥江断面进行渔业资源调查，分析鱼类群落结构特征。结果表明，绥江段共计采集鱼类60种，隶属于5目12科，其中长江上游特有鱼类12种。蓄水前以瓦氏黄颡鱼（Pelteobagrus vachelli）、圆口铜鱼（Coreius guichenoti）、光泽黄颡鱼（Pelteobagrus nitidus）为优势种类；蓄水后以草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idellus）、鳙（Aristichthys nobilis）、鲢（Hypophthalmichthys molitrix）为优势种类。与蓄水前相比，鱼类群落Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Weiner多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数均呈现下降趋势，但无显著性差异（P>0.05）。根据生态类群分析，静水缓流型鱼类由蓄水前54%增加到蓄水后的71%，河道洄游型鱼类从39%减少到20%，江湖洄游型鱼类蓄水前后变化不大。丰度生物量比较曲线显示，蓄水前绥江段鱼类群落未受到干扰，而蓄水后受到严重干扰。库区蓄水后总生物量有明显增加趋势，但优势种类趋于小型化、种类结构单一化。为科学保护金沙江下游流域鱼类生物多样性，建议成立鱼类保护区、开展梯级生态调度和加强流域环保预警研究等措施。

关键词: 金沙江一期工程, 蓄水, 鱼类群落, 生物多样性

Abstract: In order to understand the ecological effects of drainage basin cascade hydropower development on fish communities biodiversity, fisheries resources survey were carried out in the Suijiang section, lower reaches of Jinsha River, during 2011 before impoundment of first phase of Jinsha hydropower project and 2015 after impoundment of hydropower project. Fish community biodiversity variation characteristics were analyzed. Results showed that there were 60 fish species in the Suijiang reaches according to our fourth investigation on fisheries resources, which belonged to 5 order, 12 family, and there were 12 upper Yangtze River endemic fish species in total species. Before the impoundment of Jinsha River first phase hydropower project, lotic fish species such as Pelteobagrus vachelli, Coreius guichenoti, Pelteobagrus nitidus were the dominant species while preferring to the reservoir environment species, such as Ctenopharyngodon idellus, Aristichthys nobilis, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, were major species after the impoundment of Jinsha River hydropower project. Compared to the fish species biodiversity before the impoundment, Margalef richness index, Shannon-Weiner diversity index, and Pielou evenness index were sharply decreased, but there were no significant differences (P>0.05). According to the analyses on the fishes ecological groups, limnophilic fish species were increased from 54% to 71%, river-river migratory fish species were decreased, and river-lake migratory fish species had no change after the impoundment of Jinsha River hydropower project. Abundance/biomass comparison curves showed that fish communities were affected sharply after the impoundment. And the total fishing biomass were increased in the whole reservoir after the impoundment because of the increasement of water primary productivities while the dominant species have smaller body type and simplification trend. In order to scientifically protect the fisheries resources in the Jinsha River, establishing fish natural protected area, carrying out ecological operation, and strengthening the study of the early warning on environmental protection in river basin were suggested as the useful measures.

Key words: the first phase of Jinsha River, impoundment, fish communities, biodiversity

中图分类号:

Q958.15

王俊, 苏巍, 杨少荣, 姜伟. 金沙江一期工程蓄水前后绥江段鱼类群落多样性特征[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2017, 26(03): 394-401.

WANG Jun, SU Wei, YANG Shao-rong, JIANG Wei. VARIATION CHARACTERRISTICS OF FISH BIODIVERSITY IN SUIJIANG SECTION BEFORE AND AFTER IMPOUNDMENT OF FIRST PHASE OF JINSHA RIVER HYDROPOWER PROJECT[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2017, 26(03): 394-401.

参考文献

[1] 张超然, 戴会超, 高季章, 等. 特大型水电工程建设和运行面临的主要科技问题[J]. 水利学报, 2007(S1):7-14.[ZHANG C R, DAI H C, GAO J Z, et al. The major coming science and technology problems in construction and operation of super hydropower engineering[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2007(S1):7-14.]
[2] 郑金秀, 高少波, 池仕运, 等. 金沙江下游水生态状况评价及保护战略[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2014, 37(9):174-179, 204.[ZHENG J X, GAO S B, CHI S Y, et al. Hydro-ecological assessment and protection strategies of Jinsha River downstream[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2014, 37(9):174-179, 204.]
[3] 四川省长江水产资源调查组. 长江鲟鱼类生物学及人工繁殖研究[M]. 成都:四川科学技术出版社, 1988.[Sichuan Yangtze River Fishery Resources Investigation Group. The Biology of the Sturgeons in Changjiang and Their Artificial Propagation[M]. Chengdu:Sichuan Science and Technology Press, 1988.]
[4] 吴国犀, 刘乐和, 王志玲, 等. 长江上游金沙江江段草鱼自然繁殖的研究[J]. 淡水渔业, 1988(1):3-6.
[5] KARR J R. Assessment of biotic integrity using fish communities[J]. Fisheries, 1981, 6(6):21-27.
[6] 吴江, 吴明森. 金沙江的鱼类区系[J]. 四川动物, 1990, 9(3):23-26.
[7] 苏国欢, 沙永翠, 熊鹰, 等. 大坝截流前后金沙江观音岩水电站鱼类群落功能多样性的变化[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(6):965-970.[SU G H, SHA Y C, XIONG Y, et al. Changes of functional diversity in fish community before and after a dam closure in the Guanyinyan hydropower station[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2015, 24(6):965-970.]
[8] 张雄, 刘飞, 林鹏程, 等. 金沙江下游鱼类栖息地评估和保护优先级研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2014, 23(4):496-503.[ZHANG X, LIU F, LIN P C, et al. Habitat assessment and conservation priority for fishes in the lower Jinsha River[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2014, 23(4):496-503.]
[9] 林俊强, 彭期冬, 任杰, 等. 赤水河与金沙江下游河段鱼类生境条件的相似性分析[J]. 淡水渔业, 2014, 44(6):93-99.[LIN J Q, PENG Q D, REN J, et al. Similarity analysis of fish habitats between the Chishui River and downstream reaches of the Jinsha River[J]. Freshwater Fisheries, 2014, 44(6):93-99.]
[10] 丁瑞华. 四川鱼类志[M]. 成都:四川科学技术出版社, 1994.[DING R H. The Fishes of Sichuan, China[M]. Chengdu:Sichuan Science and Technology Press, 1994.]
[11] 褚新洛, 陈银瑞. 云南鱼类志[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 1989.
[12] 陈宜瑜. 中国动物志·硬骨鱼纲·鲤形目(中卷)[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 1998. (请核对年份)
[13] KUMAR NAIK A S, KUMAR J, MAHESH V, et al. Assessment of fish diversity of Tunga River, Karnataka, India[J]. Nature and Science, 2013, 11(2):82-87.
[14] 肖琼, 杨志, 唐会元, 等. 乌江下游干流鱼类物种多样性及其资源保护[J]. 生物多样性, 2015, 23(4):499-506.[XIAO Q, YANG Z, TANG H Y, et al. Species diversity of fish and its conservation in the mainstream of the lower reaches of Wu River[J]. Biodiversity Science, 2015, 23(4):499-506.]
[15] 刘春池, 高欣, 林鹏程, 等. 葛洲坝水库鱼类群落结构特征研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2012, 21(7):843-849.[LIU C C, GAO X, LIN P C, et al. Fish community structure in Gezhouba reservior[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2012, 21(7):843-849.]
[16] 李圣法. 以数量生物量比较曲线评价东海鱼类群落的状况[J]. 中国水产科学, 2008, 15(1):136-144.[LI S F. Status of fish community in East China Sea using the method of abundance-biomass comparison (ABC) curves[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2008, 15(1):136-144.]
[17] 吴江, 吴明森. 关于金沙江石鼓到宜宾段鱼类资源的概况及其利用问题[J]. 西南师范学院学报, 1985(1):80-87.[WU J, WU M S. An investigation of fish resources about the Jinshajiang from Shigu to Yibin[J]. Journal of the Southwest Teachers College, 1985(1):80-87.]
[18] WARWICK R M, CLARKE K R. Relearning the ABC:taxonomic changes and abundance/biomass relationships in disturbed benthic communities[J]. Marine Biology, 1994, 118(4):739-744.
[19] 黎良, 袁维林, 刘飞. 赤水河赤水市江段鱼类资源现状[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(11):1884-1890.[LI L, YUAN W L, LIU F. Status of fishery resources in Chishui section of the Chishui River[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2015, 24(11):1884-1890.]

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed