长江流域资源与环境 >> 2018, Vol. 27 >> Issue (09): 2014-2021.doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201809012

• 生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于IHA-RVA法三峡水库下游河流生态水文情势评价

郭文献,李  越,王鸿翔,查胡飞   

  1. (华北水利水电大学水利学院,河南 郑州 450045)
  • 出版日期:2018-09-20 发布日期:2018-11-01

Assessment of Eco-hydrological Regime of Lower Reaches of Three Gorges Reservoir Based on IHA-RVA

GUO Wen-xian,LI Yue,WANG Hong-xiang,ZHA Hu-fei   

  1. (North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045,China)
  • Online:2018-09-20 Published:2018-11-01

摘要: 水文情势变化是影响河流生态系统结构功能的主要驱动力。为了定量评价三峡水库下游河流生态水文情势变化,选取三峡水库下游宜昌水文站(1952~2014年)逐日流量数据,采用Mann-Kendall法、累积距平法和滑动T检验法进行流量特征分析,并应用生态水文指标变化范围法(IHA-RVA)以及水文改变度法综合评价了三峡大坝下游宜昌江段生态水文情势变化及其对重要鱼类中华鲟和四大家鱼产卵繁殖影响。结果表明:(1)宜昌站年均流量总体呈现显著性减少趋势,突变年份出现在2003年,表明三峡水库对长江中下游河流水文影响显著;(2)通过对三峡水库蓄水前后宜昌站生态水文指标分析,宜昌水文站整体水文改变度为61%左右,属于中度改变,接近于高度改变;其中流量下降率和逆转次数受影响最为明显;(3)三峡水库蓄水运行在一定程度改变了下游河流生态水文情势,重要鱼类产卵场生境条件发生了改变,导致了长江中下游鱼类生物多样性呈下降趋势。该研究为长江上游河流生态保护以及开展水库生态调度提供了参考。

Abstract: The flow regime is regarded to be the key driver of structure and function of riverine ecosystems. To assess eco-hydrological regimes alternation in the lower reaches of Three Gorges reservoir, the change characteristics of flow regime were evaluated by using the Mann-Kendall statistical test, the cumulative departure and moving T detected method based on daily flow series at Yichang gauge station from 1952 to 2014, while the hydrologic regime alteration degree and ecological effect of Three Gorges reservoir on the variation of 32 hydrological indexes were also analyzed by the range of variability approach and hydrologic regime alteration degree method. The results show that annual average flow of the Yangtze River has shown a decreasing trend during 1952 to 2014. Yichang gauge station has an obvious decreasing degree with the confidence degree of 90%. The abrupt junction of annual average flow is 2003 year, which means the significant effect of Three Gorges reservoir on the flow regime. The overall degree of hydrological alternation belongs to moderate alternation. The alternation degree of Yichang gauge station was 61%. Three Gorges reservoir has caused the flow regime alternation of the Yangtze River and altered flow regimes have influenced river habitat alternation, aquatic biodiversity decreases and fish population structure alternation. The study provides a scientific reference for the ecological protection and reservoir eco -operation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

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