Abstract: In February 2015, the Ministry of Agriculture formulated the Zero-growth Action of Chemical Fertilizer Use by 2020. In order to deeply analyze the role of this policy in the reduction of agricultural non-point source pollution and the improvement of agricultural origin environment, this paper simulates the application of chemical fertilizers in China without the implementation of the action by means of grey GM (1,1) model and decoupling theory, and explores the contribution of the action to the reduction of agricultural non-point source pollution in China. The results showed that: (1) The actual application of fertilizer in China has significantly decreased compared with the simulated value; The actual application of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and compound fertilizer was reduced to different degree, in which the growth rate of compound fertilizer was slowed down, but still showed a growth trend. (2) the Zero-growth Action of Chemical Fertilizer was of great significance to the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution; Within three years of the implementation of the action, the reduction of fertilizer pollution emissions accounted for more than one-fifth of the total emissions in 2014. (3) After the implementation of the action, the dependence of China’s agricultural economic development on chemical fertilizer input was greatly weakened; in recent years, there has been a strong decoupling between the two, showing a reverse change. (4) From the perspective of fertilization structure, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer went from weak decoupling into a strong decoupling state, and maintained basic stability; Although the decoupling index of compound fertilizer decreased, it still did not change the weak decoupling state. (5) On the spatial level, the decoupling between agricultural production and non-point source pollution of fertilizer in all provinces and regions was generally better. The dependence of agricultural production on fertilizer input in northeast, southwest and southeast regions was gradually weakening, and major agricultural provinces such as Shandong and Jiangsu have completely achieved decoupling. Finally, the paper puts forward some suggestions from the perspectives of improving the utilization efficiency of fertilizer, adjusting the structure of fertilizer application and optimizing the statistical system of agricultural industry, so as to provide reference for the government to formulate relevant policies.