Abstract: To understand the community characteristics of macrozoobenthos  and its relationship to environmental factors in the Jialing River of Sichuan province, the species composition, inhabit density, biomass, dominant species and the aquatic physiochemical parameters were investigated in May and August 2019. A total of 43 macrozoobenthos  species including 21 species of Arthropods (46.51%), 18 species of Mollusks (41.86%) and 4 species of Annelids (9.3%) were identified. The dominant species were Radix ovata, Galba truncatula, Bellamya aeruginosa, B. purificata, Semisulcospira cancellata, Limnoperna Lacustris, Neocaridina denticulata sinensis and Palaemonetes sinensis in the whole study area. All the 6 dominant species were distributed in May and August. The average density and biomass of macrozoobenthos  were 40.078 4 ind /m² and 6.184 5 g/m² respectively, which were slightly higher in summer than in spring. We found that the composition of macrozoobenthos  presented temporal-spational heterogeneity, and the distribution characteristics of Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index and Margalef abundance index were that the upstream was higher than the downstream, and the summer was higher than the spring. The BI index is more suitable for the water quality evaluation of Jialing River due to the high channelization ratio in the study area. In terms of water quality, the upstream is superior to the downstream, and the periphery of the city is superior to the urban area. According to the analysis of CCA, DO, TP, CODMn, FV were the main environmental factors affecting the community structure of macrozoobenthos. The research results can provide basis for ecological management and scientific protection in Jialing River of Sichuan Province.