长江流域资源与环境 >> 2015, Vol. 24 >> Issue (11): 1826-1833.doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201511004

• 自然资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

千岛湖配水工程的环境成本估算——基于调水区支付意愿调查

谭雪1, 郑思悦2, 买亚宗1, 石磊1, 马中1   

  1. 1. 中国人民大学环境学院, 北京 100872;
    2. 杭州西湖风景名胜区湖滨管理处, 浙江 杭州 310002
  • 收稿日期:2015-02-01 修回日期:2015-05-07 出版日期:2015-11-20
  • 通讯作者: 石磊,E-mail:shil@ruc.edu.cn E-mail:shil@ruc.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:谭雪(1988~),女,博士研究生,主要研究方向为环境经济与管理.E-mail:tsnow@ruc.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项课题(2008ZX07633-02);北京高等学校青年英才计划(YETP0200);中国人民大学2014年度拔尖创新人才培育资助计划

ESTIMATION ON ENVIRONMENTAL COST OF QIANDAO LAKE WATER TRANSFER PROJECT ——A CASE STUDY OF RESIDENTS'S WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY OF THE DIVERSION AREA

TAN Xue1, ZHENG Si-yue2, MAI Ya-zong1, SHI Lei1, MA Zhong1   

  1. 1. School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China;
    2. Hangzhou West Lake Scenic Area Management Office, Hangzhou 310002, China
  • Received:2015-02-01 Revised:2015-05-07 Online:2015-11-20

摘要: 由于水资源分布不均、水污染日趋严重,调水工程已不仅用以解决城市资源型缺水,也成为一些地区缓解水质型缺水问题的途径,但是这些耗资巨大的调水工程往往对周围自然生态环境可能产生巨大影响,可能带来的环境成本不容忽视。以千岛湖配水工程为例,通过在调水地进行实地调研和问卷调查,运用Tobit模型分析影响居民支付意愿的因素,基于意愿调查法(CVM)分析了建德市人民对千岛湖配水工程的生态环境影响的支付意愿,并以此估算该工程的环境成本。结果表明,调水地居民对恢复和改善可能破坏的生态环境的平均支付意愿约为每人每年377.6~542.1元,按照年配水量9.78亿 m3可以计算每吨水的环境成本约为0.15~0.21元。由此估算,工程期内千岛湖配水工程可能造成的环境成本总计约为5.80~8.28亿元,高于2014年公布的《杭州市第二水源千岛湖配水工程环境影响报告书》(下文简称《报告书》)中对该工程的环境经济影响评价3.70亿元。千岛湖配水工程的环境成本不容忽视,必须建立科学的生态补偿机制,加强监管;同时受水地也应积极加强污染治理和节约用水,共同解决城市水质型缺水问题。

关键词: 千岛湖配水工程, 环境成本, 调水区, 支付意愿, 意愿调查法

Abstract: Because of uneven distribution of water resources and increasingly serious water pollution, the inter-basin water transfer project provides a suitable solution not only for many regions that faced the problem of quantitative water shortage, but also for some cities of quality-induced water shortage. However, these huge costly projects often have a giant impact on the eco-environmental quality of the pilotage areas, which means the environmental cost caused by these projects cannot be ignored. This paper focus on the case study——the water transfer project of Qiandao Lake, which transfer water to Hangzhou City, capital of east China's Zhejiang province. Through the methods of questionnaire interview and field research data in the diversion area, Jiande city, we collect 610 questionnaires, among which 596 questionnaires are effective. After that, we analyze the influencing factors of the local residents' willingness-to-pay (WTP) for the diversion project, and estimate the economic losses of environment impact on the pilotage area by contingent valuation method (CVM). Then, we calculate the environmental cost of the project in the construction period, based on residents' WTP of the diversion area, Jiande city. The result shows that the WTP for recovering and improving the destroyed zoological environment is about 377.6-542.1 yuan per person annually. The result shows that the environmental cost of diverted water,based on 978 million cubic meters total water transfer quantity proposed annually, is about 0.15-0.21yuan per ton, and totaling about 580-828 million yuan, which is higher than the 370 million yuan that announced in Hangzhou second Qiandao Lake water transfer project environmental impact report in 2014. Since this report considered the economic cost, and analyzes the environmental cost such as the deterioration of water quality, regional climate change, the change of species from the perspective of technology and engineering, not including economic analysis of the influence to the social life, most of which failed to be monetization analyzed. Contrastively, this paper consider those and result in the estimated cost is more than 370 million yuan, the results in the report. It can be seen that there is large cost of Qiandao Lake water transfer project which cannot be overlooked. Based on the main conclusions and results, some measures should be taken during and after the project to protect the water environment and residents' lives along the drainage basin of XiAn River. One the one hand, a mechanism for ecological compensation, tightened supervision and administration are very necessary. One the other hand, receiving-region, Hangzhou city should reinforce the water management and wastewater treatment, saving water, to seek settlements in the context of quality-induced water shortage together.

Key words: Qiandao Lake water transfer project, environmental cost, water diversion area, willingness to pay, contingent valuation method

中图分类号: 

  • X196
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