城市内湖表层沉积物中有机氯农药残留特征及风险评价

doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201512011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 中国曾大量生产和使用有机氯农药(OCPs),目前虽已被禁止生产和农业中使用,但含三氯杀螨醇的林丹和滴滴涕(DDTs)仍在非法生产和使用。为了解农业大省江西省城市内湖OCPs的残留情况,以鄱阳湖生态经济区象湖为研究对象,用GC/ECD 分析象湖表层沉积物中8 种OCPs的残留水平,采用ArcGIS空间分析、主成分分析法探讨OCPs 的残留特征、来源及其可能的风险。结果表明,8 种OCPs 在象湖表层沉积物中均有不同程度检出,六六六( ∑ HCHs) 含量为nd~61.89 ng/g, ∑ DDTs含量为nd~81.47 ng/g。含量较高的组分为o,p'-DDT、β-HCH和δ-HCH。象湖表层沉积物中OCPs残留空间分布不均,其中象湖南边湿地花卉公园沉积物中OCPs含量相对较高。同中国其他城市内湖/内河相比,象湖表层沉积物中HCHs和DDTs残留水平偏高,这可能与象湖区域曾经作为南昌市农业发展区有关。来源解析结果表明象湖HCHs和DDTs主要来源于农药的历史使用,但近年来很可能有林丹和三氯杀螨醇的输入。风险评价结果显示目前象湖表层沉积物中DDTs类污染物对人体健康风险总体处于较低水平,但湿地花卉公园周边环境生态风险较高,对周围环境的生物毒性较大。研究结果可为城市内湖的污染控制及风险管理提供科学依据。

关键词: 持久性有机污染物, 残留特征, 生态风险, 鄱阳湖生态经济区

Abstract: Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were massively produced and extensively used in China.Although it has been banned in production and usage in agriculture, dicofol containing lindane and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) are still produced and used illegally.In order to explore the residues of OCPs in the urban inner lake of Jiangxi Province, a famous agricultural province in China, Xianghu Lake was taken as a case study.Eight OCPs residues in the sediments of Xianghu Lake were determined by GC/ECD, and their characteristics and possible health risks were analyzed by principal components analysis (PCA).The results showed that all eight different kinds of OCPs could be detected, and concentraions of hexachlorocyclohexanes (ΣHCHs) and ΣDDTs were ranged from detected (nd) to 61.89 ng· g^-1 and nd to 81.47ng· g^-1, respectively.Concentrations of o,p'-DDT, β-HCH and δ-HCH were greater than OCPs.The spatial analysis showed that OCPs residues were unevenly distributed throughout Xianghu Lake, with relatively concentrations in the sediment surrounding the wetland floral park.Concentrations of HCHs and DDTs in the sediments of Xianghu Lake were than in other urban inner lakes or inner rivers in China, which could be attributed to the history that Xianghu area was an agriculatural development area.Source apportionment results showed that HCHs and DDTs residues in Xianghu Lake were mainly from historic use of pesticide, but there could have some new inputs of dicofol and lindane in recent years.ERL and ERM ecological risk assessments showed that the human health risk of DDTs pollutants in Xianghu Lake were relatively low, but a greater risk was found surrounding the wetland Floral Park, which might cause biological toxicities to the environment.The results could be useful for the pollution control and risk management of the urban inner lake.

Key words: Persistent organic pollutants(POPs), residue, ecological risk, Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone

中图分类号:

X825

陈春丽, 戴星照, 曾桐辉, 弓晓峰, 刘春英, 左燕君. 城市内湖表层沉积物中有机氯农药残留特征及风险评价[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(12): 2076-2084.

CHEN Chun-li, DAI Xin-zhao, ZENG Tong-hui, GONG Xiao-feng, LIU Chun-ying, ZUO Yan-jun. RESIDUE CHARACTERIZATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE IN URBAN INNER LAKE --A CASE STUDY IN XIANGHU LAKE,NANCHANG CITY[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2015, 24(12): 2076-2084.

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