Abstract: Previous studies prove that the pollution generated in the development of the marine economy has no significant impact on the changes in marine environmental quality. Marine pollution mainly originates from the land area, and there is a close relationship between the marine environment and the land economy. However, the research on the impact of the evolution of the industrial structure on the marine environment is not enough. It is of great significance to expand the research to promote the improvement of the marine environment. In this paper, the VAR Model and the Tapio Decoupling Model are used to explore the dynamic impact of the industrial structure optimization and rationalization of the Yangtze River Basin and the East China Sea coast on the marine environment of the East China Sea from 2001 to 2017, while the decoupling stages are utilized for confirming this effect. The research results are as follows: (1)The optimization of the industrial structure of the land area is conducive to the improvement of the marine environment, which is due to the replacement of the dominant position between industries and the technological innovation within the industry. The development of the rationalization of the land industrial structure is volatile, resulting in its impact on the marine environment is not significant enough. Some marine pollution can be digested by the purifying ability of seawater, but the residual pollution has adversely affected the marine environment. (2)From 2002 to 2017, the marine environment of the East China Sea and the optimization of the industrial structure of the Yangtze River Basin and the East China Sea coast have the decoupling stage of ‘significant changes-steady changes-continuous decoupling’, while the marine environment and the rationalization of the industrial structure have the decoupling stage of ‘violent changes-fluctuations-continuous decoupling’. This decoupling analysis confirms the impact of the industrial structure evolution on the marine environment.