Abstract: The article calculated the emissions of agricultural non-point source pollutants, key pollution sources, key polluted areas, emission intensity and spatial distribution, based on the analysis of three kinds of pollutants: COD, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in the agricultural non-point source pollution in 155 counties in the Huaihe Ecological Economic Belt, in order to clarify the current status of agricultural non-point source pollution and implement comprehensive management of agricultural non-point source pollution. The results showed that there were 199.33×104 t, 107.20×104 t, and 12.64×104 t for the emissions of COD, TN, and TP from agricultural non-point source pollutants in the Huaihe Ecological Economic Belt in 2018, respectively, and there were 69.23 kg/km², 34.71 kg/km², 3.42 kg/km² for the emission intensities; The key pollution sources were farmland fertilizations and livestock and poultry farming, the key pollutants were TN and TP, and there were Jianhu County, Xinghua County, and Luohe City, including 10 counties (cities and districts) for the key prevention and control areas. The type of Farmland fertilizer pollution was the most widely agricultural non-point source pollution in the Huaihe Ecological Economic Belt. It was the most difficult to control for the comprehensive pollution type in agricultural non-point source pollution. Therefore, it is high spatial heterogeneity of agricultural non-point source pollution in counties in the Huaihe Ecological Economic Belt, and it should be implemented for the targeted control policies according to different pollution types in different regions.