Abstract: Based on the panel data of 30 provinces (cities and autonomous regions) in the mainland of China from 1978 to 2016, this paper analyzes the temporal and spatial changes of agricultural machinery technology input and agricultural irrigation technology inputs in rice production in China, and uses the panel threshold regression model to empirically analyze the impact of the two technologies in rice production in China. The results show that the increase of agricultural machinery technology factor input is greater than that of agricultural irrigation technology factor input. The provinces with both increasing are mainly located in the north, with the biggest increase in northeast China and the biggest decrease in south China. The impact of agricultural machinery and agricultural irrigation technology input in rice production in China has the same double threshold, 1981 and 1989. But the action paths of two kinds of technology impact on rice production are not the same. Agricultural machinery technology input is from the initial mismatch with rice production reality leading to the excess to the increasing effect on rice production. However, the impact of agricultural irrigation technology factor input on rice production is always positive and the impact degree is increasing. Therefore, the development policy of agricultural production technology elements should be implemented differently to improve the utility level of agricultural technology and ensure the national food security.