Abstract: In order to explore the soil quality and influencing factors of cultivated land in the north of Hubei province, Zaoyang City, Hubei Province was selected as the research area, 240 samples were selected, soil organic matter (SOM) was the research object, and classical statistics and geostatistics were used. Analyzing the spatial pattern of cultivated land SOM, introducing the geodetector Geodetector model combined with the Pearson correlation coefficient method to calculate the significant factors affecting the spatial pattern of SOM content in Zaoyang City. The results showed that: (1)The spatial distribution of SOM content in cultivated land in Zaoyang City showed weak variability, and the spatial variability model was fitted by a spherical model; (2)The distribution pattern presented a spatial pattern of high surroundings and low center to northeast; (3)The five factors that have the strongest impact on SOM single factor are precipitation, soil type, NDVI, surface undulation, and highway distance. The explanatory power of each factor interaction is greater than the explanatory power of the single factor action, showing a nonlinear synergy. This study combines geographic information science with remote sensing, statistics, and geographic detectors, and other multidisciplinary technologies, to provide methods to explore the spatial pattern and factors of soil nutrients in the hilly land of northern Hubei, and try to provide agriculture for rice planting areas and basin areas. Management, fertilization control, and spatial prediction of soil nutrients provide the basis for research work.