Abstract: In order to investigate the microplastic pollution of continental fish in Shanghai, this study investigated the detective rate, abundance, physical characteristics, chemical composition and differences of microplastics in digestive tract of five fish species in Dianshan Lake, Huangpu River and Suzhou River. The results show that 845 microplastics were detected in 639 fish. The average detective rate of microplastics was 59.78%, and herbivorous fish had significantly higher detective rate than omnivorous and carnivorous fish (p<0.05). The average abundance of microplastics was 1.32±1.92 items/individual, and not only the herbivorous fish was higher than the others (p<0.05), but also the downstream, tributaries and upstream of Suzhou River were significantly higher than Dianshan Lake and the upstream of Huangpu River (p<0.05). There are four microplastics shapes were detected, fiber (80.47%), films (13.73%), fragments (4.14%) and particles (1.66%). Black, transparent, blue, red, yellow and green microplastic colors were dected, accounting for 29.59%, 28.99%, 15.86%, 10.53%, 8.52% and 6.51%. 60.12% of microplastics were smaller than 1mm. A total of eighteen chemical components types were dected. The majority of the microplastics were cellophane (39.42%), polyethylene terephthalate (20.19%), polyamide (11.54%) and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (9.62%). The research shows that the microplastic pollution of fish in Shanghai's main rivers mainly comes from the packaging materials or discarded items in daily life. The average detective rate and abundance are below the medium level, which has a correlation with the pollution degree of the habitat water.