长江防护林——樟树林对降雨再分配的影响

长江流域资源与环境 >> 2007, Vol. 16 >> Issue (5): 603-603.

长江防护林——樟树林对降雨再分配的影响

曹云1|2|3,黄志刚1| 欧阳志云1*| 郑华1

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2007-09-20

EFFECTS OF WTHX CINNAMOMUM CAMPHORA---- IN THE YANGTZE RIVER PROTECTION FOREST ON RAINFALL REDISTRIBUTION

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2007-09-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

林冠对降雨的再分配，是森林生态学和森林水文学研究的一个重要方面，其影响降雨从林冠到土壤的转移以及水土流失的变化，具有突出的生态水文意义。通过对樟树林下穿透雨和树干流的定位监测，旨在揭示林冠水文效应的变化规律，结果表明：林冠对降雨的再分配功能受到降雨量的影响，穿透雨、树干流和截留量与降雨量呈显著的正相关(〖WTBX〗P〖WTBZ〗<005)；穿透雨率随着降雨量增加而增加，而截留率随降雨量增加而减小，并且两者在高的雨量下逐渐趋于稳定，但是树干流率随着降雨量增加先升高后降低。同时，降雨强度也影响林冠的水文效应，随着降雨强度的增加，穿透雨率升高，截留率下降。在整个测定期间，樟树林穿透雨率为685%，截留率为292%，而树干流率为23%。在不同雨量和雨强级间，樟树林冠对降雨再分配存在着差异，而且林内雨的组成比例（〖WTBX〗SF／TF〖WTBZ〗）也受到降雨量和降雨强度的影响。樟树林下水分输入存在明显的空间异质性，穿透雨率在不同位置间具有显著性的差异，而且穿透雨的空间变化率，即穿透雨率的变异系数（CV）随着降雨量或降雨强度的增加而减少。

关键词: 樟树林, 降雨再分配, 截留, 树干流, 水文效应, 南方红壤区

Abstract:

Rainfall redistribution of forest canopy is responsible for the transfer of rainfall from a tree canopy to the soil and clearly influences the soil and water conservation in forest ecosystems.Therefore，research on rainfall redistribution is an important consideration from forest ecological and hydrological points of view.The partitioning of gross rainfall into throughfall，stemflow and interception in 〖WTBX〗Cinnamomum camphora〖WTBZ〗 forest were observed at the ecological benefit monitoring station of the Yangtze River protection forest in Cili County，Hunan Province，in order to assess the law of canopy hydrology.Rainfall depth had an impact on rainfall redistribution of 〖WTBX〗C.camphora〖WTBZ〗 forest.Throughfall，interception and stemflow of 〖WTBX〗C.camphora〖WTBZ〗 were positively correlated with rainfall depth (〖WTBX〗P〖WTBZ〗<005).As rainfall increased，throughfall percentage of gross rainfall increased and interception percentage decreased.At higher rainfall depths，throughfall and interception percentage stabilized by degrees.However，stemflow percentage of gross rainfall showed an increasing trend initially and a decreasing trend with the increase of rainfall depth.Rainfall intensity also had an effect on rainfall redistribution.As rainfall intensity increased，throughfall percentage of gross rainfall increased and interception percentage decreased.During the measurement period，throughfall，stemflow and interception of gross rainfall in 〖WTBX〗C.camphora〖WTBZ〗 forest were 68.5%，23% and 292% respectively.Rainfall redistribution of canopy in 〖WTBX〗C.camphora〖WTBZ〗 forest differed significantly among different rainfall depths and rainfall intensity ranges.Furthermore，the components of subcanopy rainfall (the ratio of stemflow and throughfall) were influenced by rainfall depth and rainfall intensity.At the same time，water input beneath the canopy had clearly spatial heterogeneity.Throughfall differed significantly among different sampling sites (〖WTBX〗P〖WTBZ〗<005) and the spatial variation in throughfall (i.e.，coefficient of variation of throughfall percentage) decreased with the increase of rainfall depth and rainfall intensity.

Key words: Cinnamomum camphora, rainfall redistribution, canopy interception, stemflow, hydrological effect, red soil region

曹云,黄志刚,欧阳志云, 郑华. 长江防护林——樟树林对降雨再分配的影响[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2007, 16(5): 603-603.

CAO Yun, HUANG Zhigang,OUYANG Zhiyun,ZHENG Hua. EFFECTS OF WTHX CINNAMOMUM CAMPHORA---- IN THE YANGTZE RIVER PROTECTION FOREST ON RAINFALL REDISTRIBUTION[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2007, 16(5): 603-603.

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