长江流域资源与环境 >> 2010, Vol. 19 >> Issue (z1): 166-.

• 生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

1869年长江中下游地区水灾时空分布及天气特征

 李卓仑, 董春雨, 杨煜达, 满志敏   

  1. (1.兰州大学资源环境学院, 兰州大学干旱区水循环与水资源研究中心|甘肃 兰州 730000|2.复旦大学历史地理研究中心, 上海 200433)〖
  • 出版日期:2010-08-23

CHARACTERISTICS OF SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL FLOOD DISTRIBUTION IN MIDDLE AND LOWER REACHES OF THE YANGTZE RIVER IN 1869〖

LI Zhuolun1|2, DONG Chunyu1|2, YANG Yuda2, MAN Zhimin2   

  1. (1.College of Earth and Environmental Science,Center for Hydrologic Cycle and Water Resources in Arid Region,Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China|2.Center for Historical Geography of Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China) 〖
  • Online:2010-08-23

摘要:

清同治八年(1869年),长江流域发生了罕见的水灾,对民生造成了严重的影响。通过系统整理该年档案、方志、日记和文集资料中关于该年份水灾的记载,以县级成灾分数资料为基础,重建此次水灾的时空分布,水灾主要集中在28°N~32°N,沿长江流域呈条带状分布。水灾最严重的区域为两湖地区、皖南以及江浙一带;以清代日记为基础,重建该年湖南等地逐日降水序列,该年3~5月的春雨中出现3次较强的连续降水过程。梅雨期开始较早,为5月27日,春雨期与梅雨期之间间隔无雨期较短,只有7 d,梅雨期长达50 d,中间还有多次强降水过程,雨量明显偏多,这是造成这次长江流域大水的直接原因。通过不同日记中的天气信息对比发现,古代日记中的天气晴雨记载,在重建逐日降水序列方面可靠性较高,但日记中存在一定的误记,误记的概率在不同日记中存在差别,在应用时需要考虑。〖

Abstract:

This article focused on the floods in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in 1869.The authors consulted a variety of resources about this flood,such as archives,local gazetteers,diaries and other personal literatures.And then,based on the countylevel disaster index and details,the spatial and temporal flood distribution was reconstructed.The results showed that a westtoeast zone of disaster was between 28°N and 32°N,and the extremely serious areas were Hubei,Hunan,the southern parts of Anhui,Jiangsu and Zhejiang.Based on the climate records from diaries of Qing dynasty,the reconstruction of the precipitation time series in Hunan and other areas from 1869 showed that the continuous rainfall began from March 2nd to July 24th,and during this period there were five heavy rain events, moreover,the norain intervals were short.The plum rain season began at an earlier date.The start date was May 27th,and the rain season lasted almost 50 days with some heavy rain events during this process.The main cause of these features of this disaster was the occupation of the plum rain season.In contrast to the weather information of other diaries,we found that the ancient diary of the rain or sunshine was a highly reliable record in reconstructing daily precipitation.However,it still had some errors,which should be considered.〖

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